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Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān) ((クルド語:ههورامان or Hewraman)) or Ōrāmān ((ペルシア語:اورامان)) or Avroman〔D. N. MacKenzie, (Avroman ), Encyclopedia Iranica〕 is a mountainous region located within the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah in western Iran and in north-eastern Iraq within Iraq's Kurdistan Region. In Iran, the region includes the cities of Paveh and Mariwan and in Iraq, Halabja. Hawraman has many springs and rivers that most their water mainly pores into Sirwan River. Bil spring (or Kani Bil) is one of these springs which has a discharge about 3000-4000 liters per second. The river which is made of Bil spring is the shortest river all over the world with a total length of 15 meters. ==Archaeology and History== The earliest archaeological evidence shows that the region was inhabited by human since Middle Paleolithic Period. This evidence were discovered by archaeologists near Hajij village and include stone tools that made by Neanderthals or Early Modern Humans. Evidence for Late Paleolithic occupation discovered in a cave site in the Perdi Mala valley. The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var pass near the village of Tang-i Var, indicate that the region was occupied by Assyrians during their military campaigns into Zagros. The Parchments of Awraman, a set of three documents from the Seleucid and Parthian eras, were found in the region in 1909. They were discovered in a cave on Kuh-e Salan Mountain, near the village of Shar Hawraman, and subsequently sent to London. Ancient religions are also practiced throughout Hawraman and the region is home to the ancient holy places of the Yarsan faith. Some scholars believe that the name ''Hawraman'' or ''Huraman'' has strong connections to the ancient Zoroastrian faith and claim that the name may have originated from ''Ahuraman'' or Ahura Mazda.〔Nyberg, H.S. (1923), The Pahlavi documents of Avroman, Le Monde Oriental, XVII, p.189. This is very interesting for those interested in investigating the survival of Parthian usage of Zoroastrian terminology among the local Kurds of modern day Hawraman (Avroman).〕 Ahura Mazda is the name of God in the ancient Indo-Iranian Avestan language and comes from the ancient Zoroastrian faith, which is still being practiced by very small numbers of people in the region. Many areas in the Hawraman region are believed to have been pilgrimage sites for Zoroastrians prior to the advent of Islam.〔(CHN | Tourism and Travel )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hawraman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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