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The Hiberno-Normans are those Normans who settled in Ireland after the Norman conquest of Ireland in 1169 and who remained a distinct community until their eclipse in the early 17th century following the Tudor conquest of Ireland. The term embraces both their origins as a distinct community with their own dialect of Norman-French and their development in Ireland (the prefix "Hiberno" means "relating to Ireland or the Irish", from ''Hibernia''). The Clan Burke, FitzGeralds, Butlers and de Berminghams are notable families among them. The Hiberno-Normans often admitted little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England,〔See, for instance, Robert Dudley-Edwards, ''Ireland in the Age of the Tudors: The Destruction of Hiberno-Norman Civilization'' (1977); Gearóid Mac Niocaill ''The Red Book of the Earls of Kildare'' (1966);〕 and soon began to interact and intermarry with the Gaelic nobility of Ireland, especially outside the zone of English control known as the Pale. This process of gaelicisation became known as the Hiberno-Normans becoming ''more Irish than the Irish themselves'' (Latinised as ''Hiberniores Ipsis Hibernis''). By the late 16th century, the Hiberno-Normans began to be referred to as the Old English. In the Irish language, while they were known as the ''gaill'' or "foreigners", people born in England were called ''Sasanaigh'' or "Saxons" and there was a clear distinction made between Gaill and Sasanaigh in the Irish annals. ==Hiberno-Norman surnames== The following is a list of Hiberno-Norman surnames, many of them unique to Ireland. For example the prefix "Fitz" meaning "son of", in surnames like FitzGerald appears most frequently in Hiberno-Norman surnames. (cf. modern French "fils de" with the same meaning).〔Edward MacLysaght, ''Guide to Irish Surnames'' (1965)〕 However, very few names with the prefix "Fitz-" sound Norman but are actually of native Gaelic origin; most notably FitzPatrick (from the Mac Giolla Phádraig, kings of Osraige) and FitzDermot (Mac Gilla Mo-Cholmóc, of the Uí Dúnchada sept of the Uí Dúnlainge based at Lyons Hill, Co. Dublin). * Barrett * Blake, from ''de Blaca'' * Blanchfield, from ''De Blancheville'' * Bodkin * Burke, also the variants Bourke, de Búrc, de Búrca and de Burge * Butler * D'Alton * D'Arcy, also the variant De Arcy * de Barry * de Clare * Candon, Condon, from de Caunteton * Costello * Cusack * de Lacy * Dillon (surname), from de Leon * Devereaux * Deane, from de Denne * Fanning * FitzGerald * FitzGibbons * Fitzhenry, also the variant Fitzharris * Fitzmaurice, also the variant Fitzmorris * Fitzralph * Fitzrichard * FitzRoy * Fitzsimons/Fitzsimon * Fitzstephen * Fitzwilliam * Hussey (From Houssaye in Seine-Maritime region in Normandy.) Also the variant O'Hosey, Oswell and others * Harpur * Joyce * Jordan * Kilcoyne, derived from the original Gaelic "O Cadhain", emerged in Norman Galway. * Lambart (There is a possible kinship between the Lambarts and Lamberts) * Lambert, also the variant Lamport. Most notably John Lambert of Creg Clare * le Gros or later translation, "le Gras" (anglicized "Grace"). * Mansell, from Le Mans, France * Marren * Martyn, also the variant Martin * Mac Eoin Bissett * Mee (Anglicized form of Le Mée: habitational name from (Le) Mée in Mayenne, Eure-et-Loir, and Seine-et-Marne) 〔Genealogy of the Mee Family, 1913, LSFHC Film #0944099 #ID# M/F 46〕 * Nagle * Nangle * Nicolas, Nicola * Nugent * Petit, Petitt, Pettit * Plunkett * Power (le Poer) * Prendergast * Preston * Redmond * de Tiúit/Tuite * Roche (Derived from de Rupe or de la Roche) * Rossiter (other form to write Rosseter, Rossitur, Raucester, Rawcester, Rochester) * Russell (Derived from a French term for a red-haired individual.) * Savage * Sinnott * Stack * Testard * Tyrrell or Tyrell * Tobin * Wall (Anglicized from Du Val). See academic genealogy text ''Wall family in Ireland (1170-1970)''. * Walshe/Walsh/Welsh (meaning "Briton" or "foreigner" or literally "Welshman". Gaelic ''Breathnach'') * Woulfe (Anglicized from the Original Norman-Gaelic De Bhulbh ()) * White (Anglicized from the original de Faoite meaning "of fair skin") 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hiberno-Normans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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