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Hirabah
Hirābah ((アラビア語:حِرابة)) is an Arabic word for “piracy”, or “unlawful warfare”. ''Hirabah'' comes from the root ''hariba'', which means “to become angry and enraged”. The noun ''harb'' (حَرْب, pl. ''hurub'' حُروب) means “war” and/or “enemy”.〔Crane, Robert D., “(Hirabah versus Jihad )”, ''IFRI.org'' (Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc., 2006)〕 Examples of Hirabah are highway robbery (traditionally understood as robbery with violence or grand larceny, unlike theft which has a different punishment), rape, and terrorism.〔 One who commits ''hirabah'' would be a ''mohareb'' (or ''muharebeh''). Hiraba crimes are still prosecuted in modern Islamic countries that use "sharia law", such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and Iran -- where it is defined as "waging war against God" and called ''mohareb''.
==Scriptural basis==
The verses 33-34 of Surah al-Ma'ida of the Qur'an specify punishment for "those who wage war against Allah and His Prophet and strive to spread disorder in the land":〔Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, Mizan, ''(The Penal Law of Islam )'', Al-Mawrid〕
The punishments of those who wage war against Allah and His Prophet and strive to spread disorder in the land are to execute them in an exemplary way or to crucify them or to amputate their hands and feet from opposite sides or to banish them from the land. Such is their disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter theirs will be an awful doom save those who repent before you overpower them; you should know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Ever Merciful.
The verbal noun form (i.e. hirabah) is frequently used in classical and modern books of Islamic jurisprudence, but neither the word hirabah nor the root verb haraba occurs in the Quran. (''Yuhaaribun'' is the form used in Quran 5:33-4.)
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