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Hirola
The hirola, also known as Hunter's hartebeest or "Hunter's antelope", is a Critically Endangered antelope species found on the border between Kenya and Somalia. They were discovered in 1888 by the zoologist H.C.V. Hunter 〔Sclater, P. L. (1889) Description of Hunter's antelope. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1889, 372–377.〕〔http://www.arkive.org/hirola/beatragus-hunteri/〕 only extant member of the genus ''Beatragus''. The global hirola population is estimated at 300–500 animals, there are no hirola in captivity and the wild population continues to decline.〔PROBERT, J. (2011) The Tsavo hirola: current status and future management. MSc thesis. Imperial College London, UK.〕〔King, J., Craig, I., Andanje, S. and Musyoki, C. (2011) They Came, They Saw, They Counted, SWARA, 34: (2).〕〔James Probert, Ben Evans, Sam Andanje, Richard Kock and Rajan Amin. Population and habitat assessment of the Critically Endangered hirola Beatragus hunteri in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya . Oryx, available on CJO2014. doi:10.1017/S0030605313000902.〕 According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List "The loss of the Hirola would be the first extinction of a mammalian genus on mainland Africa in modern human history." 〔http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/?11534/A-sanctuary-for-Hirola〕
==Description==
The hirola is a medium sized antelope, tan to rufous-tawny in colour with slightly lighter under parts, predominantly white inner ears and a white tail which extends down to the hocks. It has very sharp, lyrate horns which lack a basal pedicle and are ridged along three quarters of their length. As hirola age their coat darkens towards a slate grey and the number of ridges along their horns increases. Hirola have large, dark sub-orbital glands used for marking their territories and give them the name "four-eyed antelope". They have white spectacles around their eyes and an inverted white chevron running between the eyes. The horns, hooves, udders, nostrils, lips and ear tips are black. Males and females look similar although males are slightly larger with thicker horns and darker coats.〔〔Dracopoli, I. N. (1914) Some notes on the game animals of Jubaland. Uganda Natural History Society 4: 117–121.〕〔Dorst, J. and P. Dandelot. (1970) A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa. Collins: London. 287.〕〔Kingdon, J. (1982) East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. IIID. Bovids. Academic Press: New York. 395- 746.〕〔Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press: London. 465.〕〔Butynski, T. M. (2000) Independent Evaluation of Hirola antelope (Beatrugus hunteri) conservation status and conservation action in Kenya. Kenya Wildlife Service and Hirola Management Committee: Nairobi, Kenya.〕
Several sources have recorded precise measurements from both captive and wild hirola. The following are maximum and minimum values taken from all sources: height at the shoulder: 99–125 cm, body weight: 73–118 kg, head and body length: 120–200 cm, horn length: 44–72 cm, horn spread (greatest outside width): 15–32 cm, tail length: 30–45 cm, ear length: 19 cm. It is not stated whether horn length was measured direct from base to tip or along the curve of the horn.〔〔〔〔Best, G. A. F., Edmond-Blanc, F. and Courtenay Witting, R. (eds.) (1962) Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game. 11th edition. Africa. Rowland Ward: London.〕 There is no data on how long hirola live in the wild but hirola in captivity have been known to live for 15 years.〔
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