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Historicism is a mode of thinking that assigns major significance to a specific context, such as historical period, geographical place and local culture. As such it is in contrast to individualist theories of knowledge such as empiricism and rationalism, which neglect the role of traditions. Historicism therefore tends to be hermeneutical, because it places great importance on cautious, rigorous and contextualized interpretation of information, or relativist, because it rejects notions of universal, fundamental and immutable interpretations.〔Kahan, Jeffrey. "Historicism." ''Renaissance Quarterly'', vol. 50, no. 4 December 22, 1997, p. 1202〕 The term has developed different and somewhat divergent meanings. Elements of historicism are in the writings of French essayist Michel de Montaigne (1533..1592) and Italian philosopher G. B. Vico (1668..1744), and became developed completely with the dialectic of Georg Hegel (1770..1831), influential in 19th-century Europe. The writings of Karl Marx, influenced by Hegel, also include historicism. The term is also associated with the empirical social sciences and the work of Franz Boas. Historicism may be contrasted with reductionist theories, which suppose that all developments can be explained by fundamental principles (such as in economic determinism), or theories that posit historical changes as a result of random chance. The Austrian-English philosopher Karl Popper condemned historicism along with the determinism and holism which he argued was its basis. In his ''Poverty of Historicism'', he identified historicism with the opinion that there are "inexorable laws of historical destiny", which opinion he warned against. But, this is in contrast with the contextually relative interpretation of historicism for which its proponents argue. Also Talcott Parsons criticized historicism as a case of idealistic fallacy in ''The Structure of Social Action'' (1937). Post-structuralism uses the term New Historicism, which has some associations with both anthropology and Hegelianism. The theological use of the word denotes the interpretation of biblical prophecy as being related to church history. ==Variants== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Historicism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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