| 翻訳と辞書 |
| History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
(詳細はGwynedd in the High Middle Ages is a period in the History of Wales spanning the 11th through the 13th centuries. Gwynedd, located in the north of Wales, eventually became the most dominant of Welsh principalities during this period. Distinctive achievements in Gwynedd include further development of Medieval Welsh literature, particularly poets known as the ''Beirdd y Tywysogion'' (Welsh for ''Poets of the Princes'') associated with the court of Gwynedd; the reformation of bardic schools; and the continued development of ''Cyfraith Hywel'' (''The Law of Hywel'', or ''Welsh law''). All three of these further contributed to the development of a Welsh national identity in the face of Anglo-Norman encroachment of Wales.
Gwynedd's traditional territory included Anglesey (''Ynys Môn'') and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (''Welsh Dyfrdwy'') in the northeast.〔Davies, John, ''A History of Wales'', Penguin, 1994, ''foundations of'' pgs 50–51, 54–55〕 The Irish Sea (''Môr Iwerddon'') lies to the north and west, and lands formerly part of the Powys border the south-east. Gwynedd's strength was due in part to the region's mountainous geography which made it difficult for foreign invaders to campaign in the country and impose their will effectively.〔Lloyd, J.E., ''A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest'', Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, ''Recovers Gwynedd'', ''Norman invasion'', ''Battle of Anglesey Sound'', pgs 21–22, 36, 39, 40, ''later years'' 76–77〕
Gwynedd emerged from the Early Middle Ages having suffered from increasing Viking raids and various occupations by rival Welsh princes, causing political and social upheaval. With the historic Aberffraw family displaced, by the mid 11th century Gwynedd was united with the rest of Wales by the conquest of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, followed by the Norman invasions between 1067 and 1100.
After the restoration of the Aberffraw family in Gwynedd, a series of successful rulers such as Gruffudd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd, Llywelyn the Great and his grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd led to the emergence of the Principality of Wales, based in Gwynedd.〔Lloyd, J.E., ''A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest'', Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, "(territory had become ) a virtual principality of Wales", page 222.〕 The emergence of the principality in the 13th century was proof that all the elements necessary for the growth of Welsh statehood independent of England were in place.〔Davies, John, ''A History of Wales'', Penguin, 1994, ''emerging defacto statehood'' pg 148.〕 As part of the Principality of Wales, Gwynedd would retain Welsh laws and customs and home rule until the Edwardian Conquest of Wales of 1282.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|