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The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods, spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC, ending with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BC, followed by a transitional period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BC. The first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was Eridu. The Sumerians claimed that their civilization had been brought, fully formed, to the city of Eridu by their god Enki or by his advisor (or Abgallu from ''ab''=water, ''gal''=big, ''lu''=man), Adapa U-an (the Oannes of Berossus). The first people at Eridu brought with them the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia and are identified with the Ubaid period, but it is not known whether or not these were Sumerians (associated later with the Uruk period). The ''Sumerian king list'' is an ancient text in the Sumerian language listing kings of Sumer, including a few foreign dynasties. Some of the earlier dynasties may be mythical; the historical record does not open up before the first archaeologically attested ruler, Enmebaragesi (ca. 2600 BC), while conjectures and interpretations of archaeological evidence can vary for earlier events. The best-known dynasty, that of Lagash, is omitted from the kinglist. ==Timeline== ImageSize = width:555 height:75 PlotArea = left:25 right:15 bottom:20 top:25 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-5300 till:-1940 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:200 start:-5300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:50 start:-5300 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar: color:era from:-5300 till:-4100 shift:(0,0) text:Ubaid period~(Chalcolithic) from:-4100 till:-2900 shift:(-20,0) text:Uruk period~(Late Chalcolithic) from:-4100 till:-3300 shift:(-20,10) text:Uruk XIV-V from:-3300 till:-3000 shift:(0,5) text:Uruk IV from:-3100 till:-2900 shift:(0,-7) text: Uruk III from:-2334 till:-2218 shift:(0,-7) text:Akkadian from:-2218 till:-2047 shift:(0,5) text:Gutian from:-2047 till:-1940 shift:(7,-7) text:Ur III bar: color:eon from:-2900 till:-2334 shift:(0,17) text:"Early Dynastic period" from:-2900 till:-2800 shift:(0,7) text:I from:-2800 till:-2600 shift:(0,7) text:II from:-2600 till:-2500 shift:(0,7) text:IIIa from:-2500 till:-2334 shift:(0,7) text:IIIb :::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details'' ::: Uruk III = Jemdet Nasr period 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Sumer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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