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The Gülen movement is a transnational religious and social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen. The movement has no official name but it is usually referred to as ''Hizmet'' ("the Service") by its followers and as ''Cemaat'' ("the Community/Assembly") by the broader public in Turkey. The movement has attracted supporters and critics in Turkey, Central Asia, and in other parts of the world. The movement is active in education with private schools and universities in over 180 countries as well as many American charter schools operated by followers. It has initiated forums for interfaith dialogue. It has substantial investments in media, finance, and for–profit health clinics.〔(Jenny Barbara White, Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: a study in vernacular politics, University of Washington Press (2002), p. 112 )〕 Some have praised the movement as a pacifist, modern-oriented version of Islam, and as an alternative to more extreme schools of Islam such as Salafism.〔(Turkey's political imams: The Gulenists fight back )〕 ==Description and membership== The movement has been characterized as a "moderate blend of Islam."〔(Interview with Sabrina Tavernise, World View Podcasts, New York Times, May 4, 2008 )〕 Gülen and the Gülen movement are technology-friendly, work within current market and commerce structures, and are savvy users of modern communications public relations."〔(A modern Ottoman ), Prospect, Issue 148, July 2008〕 Within Turkey the Gülen movement keeps its distance from established Islamic political parties.〔(Clement M. Henry, Rodney Wilson, The politics of Islamic Finance, Edinburgh University Press (2004), p 236 )〕 Sources state that the Gülen movement is vying to be recognized as the world's leading Muslim network, one that is more reasonable than many of its rivals.〔(Economist: Global Muslim networks, How far they have traveled )〕 The movement builds on the activities of Fethullah Gülen, who has won praise from non-Muslim quarters for his advocacy of science, interfaith dialogue, and multi-party democracy. It has earned praise as "the world's most global movement."〔(Turkish schools World's most global movement, says sociologist )〕 The exact number of supporters of the Gülen movement is not known as the movement has no official membership rolls; estimates vary from 1 million to 8 million.〔(Bulent Aras and Omer Caha, Fethullah Gulen and his Liberal "Turkish Islam" Movement )〕〔(Abdulhamid Turker, Fethullah Gulen's Influence )〕 The membership of the movement consists primarily of students, teachers, businessmen, academicians, journalists and other professionals.〔 Its members have founded schools, universities, an employers' association, charities, real estate trusts, student organizations, radio and television stations, and newspapers.〔 The movement's structure has been described as a flexible organizational network.〔(Portrait of Fethullah Gülen, A Modern Turkish-Islamic Reformist )〕 Movement schools and businesses organize locally and link themselves into informal networks.〔(Islam in Kazakhstan )〕 The Gülen movement works within the given structures of modern secular states; it encourages affiliated members to maximize the opportunities those countries afford rather than engaging in subversive activities. Critics have complained that members of the Gulen movement are overly compliant to the directions from its leaders.〔Infra note, Berlinski 2012〕 The movement has been accused of being "missionary" in intent, organizing in clandestine ways, or aiming for political power.〔name="HurriyetPlotting"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gülen movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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