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Hojjatieh (in Persian: انجمن حجتیه ) — also called Hojjatieh Society — is a traditionalist Shi'a lay religious organization founded in Iran that stresses adherence to orthodoxy and opposition to perceived heresy through non-violent evangelism. It was founded in response to emerging heterodox and messianic movements such as the Bahá'í Faith,〔 Ruhollah Khomeini's political messianism and his theories regarding theocratic leadership, and various strands of Sunni extremism such as Salafism and Wahhabi movement. According to the ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', the organization was strictly pacifist and totally opposed to violence and persecution: As the leaders of Ḥojjatiya were committed to a non-violent, persuasive strategy in dealing with Bahais, the Association did not take part in persecution of Bahais in post-revolutionary Iran. For all Ḥalabi’s animus against Bahais, he was a disciplined pacifist. He was distraught by violence and repeatedly warned his followers: “This is not the way, this is not our way” (interview with Nāder Fāżeli, 2003). However members of the organization were taught to use subterfuge to infiltrate among Bahá'ís, steal hard to make copies of books, verbally harass Bahá'ís, slander Bahá'í religious figures, and spread rumors which denied Bahá'ís employment. "(The leaders of Hojjatieh), more than the desecration of the Baha'i cemetery in 1979, or the damage against Baha'i communal and private property, represent the deliberateness of the campaign against the Baha'is, a campaign that continued after them."〔 ==History== The organization was founded in 1953 in Tehran by a member of the Shia clergy, Shaikh Mahmoud Halabi, with permission of Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi.〔 The founding premise of the organization was that the most immediate threat to Islam was the Bahá'í Faith, which they viewed as a heresy that must be eliminated.〔Taheri, Amir, ''The Spirit of Allah'', (1985), pp. 189-90〕 The group also opposes both Sunniism and Ruhollah Khomeini's heterodox concept of Velayat-e Faqih, which mainline Shi'a clergy viewed as heretical. An earlier organization was founded by Halabi, the Anjoman-e Imám-e Zaman (called Anjoman-e Zedd-e Bahá'í privately) which later was renamed to the Anjoman-e Hojjatieh Mahdavieh (called Hojjatieh for short) after the Iranian Revolution.〔 Halabi and his followers supported Mohammad Mosaddegh. Following the toppling of Mosaddegh, the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, allowed their activities.〔 In March to June 1955, the Ramadan period that year, a widespread systematic program was undertaken cooperatively by the government and the clergy.〔 During the period they destroyed the national Bahá'í Center in Tehran, confiscated properties and made it illegal for a time to be Bahá'í (punishable by 2 to 10 year prison term). Founder of SAVAK, Teymur Bakhtiar, took a pick-axe to a Bahá'í building himself at the time. Halabi is said to have worked with SAVAK security agency under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, offering his full cooperation in fighting "other heathen forces, including the Communists." By doing so he was given freedom to recruit members and raise funds, and by 1977 Hojjatieh is said to have had 12,000 members. However, since the Shah's regime, in Halabi's view, allowed the Baha'is too much freedom, he then supported Khomeini's movement to overthrow the Shah.〔Taheri ''The Spirit of Allah'', (1985), p. 189-90〕 The group flourished during the 1979 Iranian Revolution that ousted the Shah and installed an Islamic government in his place. However, after Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's speech in July 1983, Halabi announced that the organization was disestablished, and Halabi went to Mashhad on the same day.〔 Nevertheless, there have been mentions of it again circa 2002-2004.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hojjatieh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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