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Holbeck () is a district in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The district begins on the southern edge of the Leeds city centre and mainly lies in the LS11 Leeds postcode area. The M1 and M621 motorways used to end/begin in Holbeck. Now the M621 is the only motorway that passes through the area since the end of the M1 moved to Hook Moor near Aberford. Since large parts of Holbeck have been vacated in preparation for the regeneration of the area, the district has in large parts suffered from a population exodus. Holbeck had a population of 5,505 in 2011.〔Holbeck is made up of 21 Output areas in the Beeston and Holbeck ward http://ukcensusdata.com/beeston-and-holbeck-e05001415#sthash.izecXSHH.dpbs〕〔Holbeck is also made up of 2 output areas in the City and Hunslet ward in the centre of Leeds http://ukcensusdata.com/city-and-hunslet-e05001420#sthash.uqs192IK.dpbs〕 The Leeds and Liverpool Canal also runs through Holbeck. ==History== The place-name ''Holbeck'' is first attested in the 12th century in forms such as ''Holebec'' and ''Holesbec'', from ''hol'' 'a hollow' and ''beck'' 'a stream' (an Old Norse loanword, from ''bekkr'', reflecting Scandinavian influence in Yorkshire during the Viking age), thus 'stream in the hollow'.〔A. H. Smith, ''The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire'', English Place-Names Society, 30–37, 8 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961–63), III 216.〕 The old manor belonged to the priory of the Holy Trinity at York and after the Dissolution of the Monasteries passed to the Darcy and Ingram families. In the 18th century Holbeck was known for its spa water, which resembled that of Harrogate, and was carried into Leeds for sale. The supply diminished when numerous wells were sunk to supply the mills and works in the area and the water, which previously rose to the surface, could only be obtained by pumping from a considerable depth.〔 In the first half of the 19th century Holbeck village was a hamlet of few streets, most were owned by John Scholey (1774–1834) and are listed in his will at the Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York. His family sold the properties at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The area became industrial and several mills including John Marshall's Mill were built to spin flax and thread. Marshall's Mill consisted of a spacious room lit by skylights, occupying an area of nearly two acres. There were ironworks, works for the manufacture of steam engines and machinery of all kinds.〔 Matthew Murray's Round Foundry on Water Lane was where the Middleton Railway's first steam locomotives were built. The factory in Silver Street belonging to Taylor, Wordsworth and Co, machine makers, eventually grew to cover three acres. In the mid 19th century Holbeck was one of the most densely populated suburbs of Leeds. Colonel Thomas Harding was another industrialist with works in the area.〔 By 1834 Holbeck was "the most crowded, most filthy and unhealthy village in the country." Slum clearance began by 1900. Holbeck has suffered significant decline since the 19th century; many of the industrial buildings and warehouses have been demolished or fallen into disrepair. Holbeck is nevertheless home to 33 listed buildings and many other important architectural structures, some of the most notable of these are: The Dark Arches, the ''Hol Beck'', Marshall's Mill, the Midland Mills, the Round Foundry, Temple Works, Tower Works and two railway roundhouses.〔 Holbeck was once well served by rail; Holbeck railway station (now demolished) was notable because it was a two-tier station with a low line and a high line. A disused railway viaduct still runs through Holbeck. When it was built in 1869, it was thought to be one of the engineering marvels of the Victorian age. Plans are now underway to convert the track bed (which is currently overgrown with trees and shrubs) into a raised walkway leading directly into Leeds City centre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Holbeck」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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