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Holtun
Holtun, originally named La Máquina, is a Maya archaeological site located in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala on the road to Melchor de Mencos from Flores.〔Ponciano 1995, p.484.〕 The city had a long period of occupation that lasted from the Middle Preclassic through to the Late Classic periods.〔IDAEH/AHT Engineering 1999, Anexo I-13.〕 The site was discovered in the 1990s as a result of looting activity being reported to the Guatemalan authorities. This looting had revealed large masks sculpted onto the side of one of the principal structures at the site. Holtun is the southernmost site in the Maya lowlands that is known to have such masks.〔Ponciano 1995, pp.488-489.〕
==Location and etymology==
The site was originally named as ''La Maquina'' after the nearest village but was renamed as ''Holtun'' by Agustín Estrada Monroy, the then director general of the ''Patrimonio General Cultural y Natural'' (General Cultural and Natural Heritage). The new name is derived from the local Itza Maya language and means "stone head".〔 The land surrounding the site has been completely deforested and is used for the cultivation of maize, beans and plantain, with ownership divided among the municipality and private landowners .〔Ponciano 1995, p.485.〕
The ruins of Holtun are located among a cluster of important Classic Period cities. Tikal is located to the northwest, Yaxha is to the north and Naranjo is in the same direction.〔
The site is located to the south of La Maquina village, in the municipality of Flores.〔Ponciano 1995, p.484. Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes #140.〕 Holtun lies in a broken hilly region upon a karst ridge running from northeast to southwest.〔 It is situated on a hilltop at an altitude of above mean sea level and is bordered on the south, east and west sides by three seasonal streams.〔Ponciano 1995, pp.484-485.〕 There are no rivers passing very close to the site due to the local topography, with those watercourses to the south of the city draining toward lake Camalote some to the south.〔 The Mopan and Salsipuedes rivers flow to the east of the lake, and the La Blanca lake is situated further south.〔 The watercourses to the north of the ruins flow northward towards Laguna Yaxhá.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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