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|image_skyline = North High Street, Holyoke MA.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = North High Street |image_seal = HolyokeMA-Seal.svg |image_flag = FlagofHolyokeMA.png |image_map = Holyoke_ma_highlight.png |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Hampden |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1745 |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date2 = 1850 |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |government_type = Mayor-council city |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Alex B. Morse |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 59.1 |area_total_sq_mi = 22.8 |area_land_km2 = 55.1 |area_land_sq_mi = 21.3 |area_water_km2 = 4.0 |area_water_sq_mi = 1.5 |population_as_of = 2012 |settlement_type = City |population_total = 40135 |population_density_km2 = 723.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 1872.3 |elevation_m = 61 |elevation_ft = 200 |timezone = Eastern |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |latd=42 |latm=12 |lats=15 |latNS=N |longd=72 |longm=37 |longs=00 |longEW=W |website = (City of Holyoke, Massachusetts ) |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 01040 |area_code = 413 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 25-30840 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0617679 |footnotes = }} Holyoke is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States that lies between the western bank of the Connecticut River and the Mount Tom Range. As of 2012, the city had an estimated population of 40,135. Sitting eight miles north of Springfield, Holyoke is part of the Springfield Metropolitan Area, one of the two distinct metropolitan areas in Massachusetts. == History == Englishmen first arrived in the Connecticut River Valley in 1633 — a post was established at Windsor, Connecticut by traders from the Plymouth Plantation. In 1636, Massachusetts Bay Colony assistant treasurer and Puritan iconoclast William Pynchon led a group of settlers from Roxbury, Massachusetts to establish Springfield on land that scouts had vetted the previous year. They considered it the most advantageous land in the Connecticut River Valley for farming and trading. This settlement, on fertile farmland just north of the Connecticut River's first major falls (at Enfield Falls), the place where seagoing vessels necessarily had to transfer their cargo into smaller shallops to continue northward on the Connecticut River, quickly became a successful settlement — largely due to its advantageous position on the Bay Path to Boston, the Massachusetts Path to Albany, and beside the Connecticut River. Originally, Springfield spanned both sides of the Connecticut River; the region was eventually partitioned. The land on the western bank of the Connecticut River became West Springfield, Massachusetts. West Springfield's northernmost parish (alternately called Third Parish, North Parish, or Ireland Parish) became Holyoke, named after earlier Springfield settler William Pynchon's son-in-law, Elizur Holyoke, who had first explored the area in the 1650s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Profile for Holyoke, Massachusetts, MA )〕 The village of Holyoke was first settled in 1745 and was officially incorporated in 1850. The first post office in the area was called Ireland. It was established June 3, 1822, with Martin Chapin as first postmaster. It was discontinued in 1883. Another post office called Ireland Depot was established February 26, 1847, with John M. Chapin as first postmaster and had its name changed to Holyoke (with George Whittle as first postmaster) March 14, 1850.〔Merolla, Lawrence M. and Crowther, Frank M. (1981) ''The Post Offices of Massachusetts'', p. 43, North Abington, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Postal Research Society, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 81-84332〕 A part of Northampton known as Smith's Ferry was separated from the rest of the town by the creation of Easthampton in 1809. The shortest path to downtown Northampton was on a road near the Connecticut River oxbow, which was subject to frequent flooding. The neighborhood became the northern part of Holyoke in 1909. Holyoke had few inhabitants until the construction of a dam and the Holyoke Canal System in 1849 and the subsequent construction of water-powered mills, particularly paper mills. At one point over 25 paper mills were in operation in the city. The Holyoke Machine Company, manufacturer of the Hercules water turbine, was among many industrial developments of the era.〔(holyoke.org: "Holyoke History Room Guest Lecture: John B. McCormick and the Hercules Turbine Water Wheel" ), 5 Mar 2014〕〔Progress Publishing Company: "Engineering Mechanics: Electrical, Civil, Mechanical, and Mining Engineering, Volume 3: January–June 1883", p.231〕〔(frenchriverland.com: "Holyoke Hercules Turbine Web Page" )〕 Holyoke's population rose from just under 5,000 in 1860 to over 60,000 in 1920. In 1888, Holyoke's paper industry spurred the foundation of the American Pad & Paper Company, which is one of the largest suppliers of office products in the world. The availability of water power enabled Holyoke to support its own electric utility company and maintain it independently of America's major regional electric companies. The city was thus a rare unaffected area in the Northeast blackout of 1965, for example. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Holyoke, Massachusetts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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