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Homarus
''Homarus'' is a genus of lobsters, which include the common and commercially significant species ''Homarus americanus'' (the American lobster) and ''Homarus gammarus'' (the European lobster). The Cape lobster, which was formerly in this genus as ''H. capensis'', was moved in 1995 to the new genus ''Homarinus''.
==Description==
''Homarus'' is one of three extant genera of clawed lobsters to show dimorphism between claws – a specialisation into a crushing claw and a cutting claw. The other similar genera are ''Nephrops'', which is much more slender, and has grooves along the claws and the abdomen, and ''Homarinus'', the Cape lobster from South Africa, which is even smaller, and has hairy claws.〔(Subfamily Nephropinae Dana, 1852 ), pp. 51–86 in Holthuis (1991).〕
While analyses of morphology suggest a close relationship between ''Homarinus'' and ''Homarus'', molecular analyses using mitochondrial DNA reveal that they are not sister taxa. Both genera lack ornamentation such as spines and carinae, but are thought to have reached that state independently, through convergent evolution.〔 The closest living relative of ''Homarus'' is ''Nephrops norvegicus'', while the closest relatives of ''Homarinus'' are ''Thymops'' and ''Thymopides''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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