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Hongaku
Hongaku (Jp: 本覚; Chinese: ''Ben Jue'', 本覺; Korean: ''pon’gak'') is an East Asian Buddhist doctrine often translated as "inherent", "innate", "intrinsic" or "original" enlightenment and is the view that all sentient beings already are enlightened or awakened in some way. It is closely tied with the concept of Buddha-nature and Tathagatagarbha.
==Origins and development==
The doctrine of innate enlightenment was developed in China out of the Buddha-nature doctrine. It is first mentioned in the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana scripture.〔Sueki Fumihiko, "Two Seemingly Contradictory Aspects of the Teaching of Innate Enlightenment (hongaku) in Medieval Japan", Japanese Journal of Religious Study 22 (1-2), pp. 3-16, 1995. (PDF )〕 According to Jacqueline Stone, The awakening of faith in the Mahayana sees original enlightenment as "true suchness considered under the aspect of conventional deluded consciousness and thus denotes the potential for enlightenment in unenlightened beings." 〔Stone, J. Medieval Tendai Hongaku Thought and the New Kamakura Buddhism A Reconsideration, Japanese Journal of Religious Study 22 (1-2), pp. 17-48, 1995. (PDF )〕 In medieval China, the doctrine developed from the Huayen school of Buddhism and also influenced Chan Buddhism.
The doctrine is also a common theme of the Platform Sutra of Huineng and was taught by Chinese Chan masters as "seeing original nature". Inherent enlightenment was often associated with the teachings of sudden awakening and contrasted with the "gradual" approach and the idea of “acquired enlightenment” or shikaku. The first Japanese to write of this doctrine was Kukai (774–835), founder of the Japanese Shingon school.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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