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''Ostrya'' is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Its common name is hophornbeam in American English and hop-hornbeam in British English. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants. The genus is native in southern Europe, southwest and eastern Asia, and North and Central America.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 They have a conical or irregular crown and a scaly, rough bark. They have alternate and double-toothed birch-like leaves 3–10 cm long. The flowers are produced in spring, with male catkins 5–10 cm long and female catkins 2–5 cm long. The fruit form in pendulous clusters 3–8 cm long with 6–20 seeds; each seed is a small nut 2–4 mm long, fully enclosed in a bladder-like involucre.〔(Flora of North America, vol 3, hop-hornbeam, ''Ostrya'' Scopoli, Fl. Carniol. 414. 1760. )〕 The wood is very hard and heavy; the name ''Ostrya'' is derived from the Greek word ''ostrua'', "bone-like", referring to the very hard wood. Regarded as a weed tree by some foresters, this hard and stable wood was historically used to fashion plane soles. ''Ostrya'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including winter moth, walnut sphinx, and ''Coleophora ostryae''. ;Species〔〔(Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps )〕 # ''Ostrya carpinifolia'' Scop. - European hop-hornbeam - Mediterranean region of southern Europe, Middle-east, Turkey, Lebanon, Caucasus # ''Ostrya chisosensis'' Correll - Chisos hophornbeam, Big Bend hophornbeam - endemic to Big Bend National Park in Texas # ''Ostrya japonica'' Sarg. - Japanese hophornbeam - Japan, Korea, northern China # ''Ostrya knowltonii'' Coville - Knowlton hophornbeam, western hophornbeam, wolf hophornbeam - Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas # ''Ostrya multinervis'' Rehd. - Central Chinese hop-hornbeam - central China # ''Ostrya rehderiana'' Chun - Zhejiang hop-hornbeam - Zhejiang Province in China #''Ostrya trichocarpa'' D.Fang & Y.S.Wang - GuangxiProvince in China # ''Ostrya virginiana'' (Mill.) K. Koch - eastern hophornbeam, American hophornbeam, Ironwood - eastern US, eastern Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras # ''Ostrya yunnanensis'' W.K.Hu - Yunnan hop-hornbeam - Yunnan Province in China # †''Ostrya oregoniana'' (fossil) == References == *Rushforth, K. 1985. Ostrya. ''The Plantsman'' 7: 208-212. *(Flora of China: ''Ostrya'' ) *(Flora Europaea: ''Ostrya'' ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ostrya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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