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Horror-of-demonic
The horror-of-the-demonic film is one of three subgenres of the horror film that grew out of mid- and late-20th-century American culture.
==Characteristics==
As described by the film aesthetician Charles Derry, the horror-of-the-demonic film suggested that the world was horrible because evil forces existed that were constantly undermining the quality of existence. The evil forces could either remain mere spiritual presences, as in ''Don't Look Now'' (Nicolas Roeg, 1973), or they could take the guise of witches, demons, or devils. "Films about witchcraft and ghosts have always been with us. Indeed, the idea of an evil incarnate has a long American tradition... The themes of repression and evil forces have long been a staple of American literature, from Nathaniel Hawthorne's ''The House of Seven Gables'' and Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" to Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Raven' and Henry James' ''The Turn of the Screw''."〔Charles Derry, ''Dark Dreams: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film''; A S Barnes & Co, 1977.〕
Derry cites two films as "the most important forerunners in this genre": ''Day of Wrath'' (Carl Dreyer, Denmark, 1943) and ''The Devil's Wanton'' (Ingmar Bergman, Sweden, 1948), although Derry qualifies the second film as "not a horror film".
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