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Horwich is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, it is southeast of Chorley, northwest of Bolton and northwest of Manchester. It lies at the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors with the M61 motorway passing close to the south and west. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Horwich had a population of 19,312.〔 〕 Horwich emerged in the Middle Ages as a hunting chase. Streams flowing from the moors were harnessed to provide power for bleachworks and other industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The textile industry became a major employer and after 1884 the construction of the railway works caused the population of the town to increase dramatically. The old industries have closed and urban regeneration has been led by out of town developments, particularly at Middlebrook, which, since 1997 has been the base of Bolton Wanderers football club, who play at the Macron Stadium, having moved from Burnden Park near Bolton town centre. ==History== The name Horwich derives from the Old English ''har'' and ''wice'', meaning the place at the grey wych-elm and in 1221 was recorded as ''Horewic''. The name was recorded as ''Harewych'' in 1277 and ''Horewyche'' in 1327. In the Middle Ages Horwich originated as a hunting chase for the barons of Manchester. It was held by Albert de Gresle between 1086 and 1100. In 1249 Henry III granted Thomas Gresle free warren over his lands in "Horewich". The barons appointed foresters and trespassers in the forest were brought before the court baron or court leet for punishment. In 1277 Robert Gresle the 7th baron prosecuted Martin de Rumworth for carrying off deer in Horwich Chase which was described in 1322 as being within "a circuit of sixteen leagues, and is yearly worth in pannage, aeries of eagles, herons and goshawks, in honey, millstones, and iron mines, in charcoal-burning, and the like issues, 60 shillings; of which the vesture in oaks, elms and wholly covered with such, 160 marks."〔 In 1598 a number of men were presented at the court leet for tithing and in 1621 the court leet recorded "paid for hue and crye that came from Horwich after the man who made an escape forth of ye stocks for stealing certain lynen cloth 8d."〔 By the 17th century the amount of woodland in the Horwich forest was reduced by house building and for fuel.〔Smith, M.D., (1988) ''About Horwich,'' Nelson Brothers (ISBN 0-9508772-7-1)〕〔Smith, M.D. (in collaboration with E.M. Brownlow), (1999) ''More About Horwich,'' St. Michael's on Wyre: Wyre (ISBN 0-9526187-4-5)〕 Horwich Moor was enclosed between 1815 and 1818 and race meetings were held between 1837 and 1847.〔 The manor became the property of the Andertons of Lostock Hall, Lostock, who purchased it in 1599 from Nicholas and Elizabeth Mosley. These lands were confiscated by the crown in 1715 after the Battle of Preston. They were leased to the Blundells whose coat of arms is displayed above the door at the Blundell Arms on Chorley Old Road. The Pilkingtons were farmers who became gentry, Richard Pilkington was owner of rights in the Horwich Manor. William Pilkington (1765–1831) became a physician and apothecary in St Helens and his sons Richard (1795–1869) and William (1800–1872) were the founders of Pilkington Glass. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Horwich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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