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''See also Hosea, who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew.'' Hoshea (; (ラテン語:Osee)) was the last king of the Israelite Kingdom of Israel and son of Elah (not the Israelite king Elah). William F. Albright dated his reign to 732–721 BC, while E. R. Thiele offered the dates 732–723 BC.〔Edwin Thiele, ''The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257, 134, 217.〕 ==Accession to the throne== Assyrian records basically confirm the Biblical account of how he became king. Under Ahaz, Judah had rendered allegiance to Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria, when the Northern Kingdom under Pekah, in league with Rezin of Damascus, had attempted to coerce the Judean king into joint action against Assyria. Hoshea placed himself at the head of the Assyrian party in Samaria and removed Pekah by assassination; Tiglath-pileser rewarded Hoshea by making him king over Israel, or, rather, over Ephraim, then reduced to very small dimensions.〔("Hoshea", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' )〕 An undated inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III boasts of making Hoshea king after his predecessor had been overthrown: Israel (lit. : "Omri-house" ''Bit-Humria'')…overthrew their king Pekah (''Pa-qa-ha'') and I placed Hoshea (''A-ú -si) as king over them. I received from them 10 talents of gold, 1,000(?) talents of silver as their ()bute and brought them to Assyria.〔James B. Pritchard, ed., ''Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament'' (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 284.〕 The amount of tribute exacted from Hoshea is not stated in Scripture, but Menahem, about ten years previously (743 or 742 BC)〔T. C. Mitchell, "Israel and Judah until the Revolt of Jehu (931–841 BC)" in ''Cambridge Ancient History 3'', Part 1, ed. John Boardman et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) 326.〕 was required to pay 1,000 talents of silver to Tiglath-Pileser in order to "strengthen his hold on the kingdom" (), apparently against Menahem's rival Pekah. So long as Tiglath-pileser was on the throne Hoshea remained loyal; but when Shalmaneser V succeeded, Hoshea made an effort to regain his independence and entered into negotiations with Egypt. Probably misled by favorable promises on the part of Egypt, Hoshea discontinued paying tribute. Winckler contends that in this anti-Assyrian movement, in which Tyre also had a share, a last effort was made on the part of the Arabic commercial states to shut out Assyria from the Arabo-Indian commerce, for which possession of the Mediterranean ports was of vital importance.〔 Shalmaneser soon interpreted this as rebellious, and directed his armies against Samaria. The Assyrian Eponym Canon shows that Shalmaneser campaigned "against" (somewhere, name missing) in the years 727, 726, and 725 BC, and it is presumed that the missing name was Samaria.〔Thiele, ''Mysterious Numbers'' 165.〕 The Babylonian Chronicle states that Shalmaneser ravaged the city of Sha-ma-ra-in (Samaria).〔 Additional evidence that it was Shalmaneser, not Sargon II who initially captured Samaria, despite the latter's claim, late in his reign, that he was its conqueror, was presented by Tadmor, who showed that Sargon had no campaigns in the west in his first two years of reign (722 and 721 BC).〔Hayim Tadmor, "The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study," ''Journal of Cuneiform Studies'' 12 (1958) 39, cited in Thiele, ''Mysterious Numbers'' 165, n. 4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hoshea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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