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}} |other_name = |settlement_type = County-level city |pushpin_map = Xinjiang |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Xinjiang |pushpin_mapsize = ||latd=37 |latm= 06 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=80 |longm=01 |longs= |longEW= E |image_skyline = Khotan-mezquita-d04.jpg |imagesize = |image_alt = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |flag_alt = |image_seal = |seal_size = |seal_alt = |image_shield = |shield_size = |shield_alt = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |blank_emblem_alt = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_alt = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_alt1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_base_alt = |dot_map_alt = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_type = |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = |coordinates_region = CN-65 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Autonomous region |subdivision_name1 = Xinjiang |subdivision_type2 = Prefecture |subdivision_name2 = Hotan |subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = |seat = Nurbag Subdistrict (奴尔巴格街道) |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_party = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |total_type = |unit_pref = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 85035 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1382 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 322,330 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_density_km2 = auto |population_est = |pop_est_as_of = |population_note = |timezone1 = China Standard |utc_offset1 = +8 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 839000 |area_code_type = |area_code = 0903 |website = (Hotan Government Website (in Chinese) ) |blank_name = GDP (2012) |blank_info = CNY 4.071 billion USD $665.15 million |blank2_name = GDP per capita |blank2_info = CNY 12,630 USD $2,062 |blank3_name = GDP Growth |blank3_info = 14.8 |blank4_name = Local languages |blank4_info = Uyghur, Standard Chinese |blank5_name = License plate prefix |blank5_info = 新R }} Hotan(), also transliterated from Chinese as Hetian (), is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture. With a population of 322,300 (2010 census), Hotan is situated in the Tarim Basin some southwest of the regional capital, Ürümqi. It lies just north of the Kunlun Mountains, which are crossed by the Sanju, Hindutash and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of Yarkant County and populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers - the Karakash River and the White Jade River to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan Desert. The White Jade River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.〔Marc Aurel Stein. (1907) ''Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Eastern Turkestan.'' Oxford. Pages 123-126.〕〔Bonavia, Judy. ''The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.'' Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), pp. 306-319. Odyssey Publications. ISBN 962-217-741-7.〕 ==History== The oasis of Hotan is strategically located at the junction of the southern (and most ancient) branch of the Silk Road joining China and the West with one of the main routes from ancient India and Tibet to Central Asia and distant China. It provided a convenient meeting place where not only goods, but technologies, philosophies, and religions were transmitted from one culture to another. Tocharians lived in this region over 2000 years ago. Several of the Tarim mummies were found in the region. At Sampul, east of the city of Hotan, there is an extensive series of cemeteries scattered over an area about wide and long. The excavated sites range from about 300 BCE to 100 CE. The excavated graves have produced a number of fabrics of felt, wool, silk and cotton and even a fine bit of tapestry, the Sampul tapestry, showing the face of Caucasoid man which was made of threads of 24 shades of colour. The tapestry had been cut up and fashioned into trousers worn by one of the deceased. An Anthropological study of 56 individuals showed a primarily Caucasoid population.〔Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000. ''The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West'', pp. 132, 155-156. Thames & Hudson. London. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.〕〔Bonavia, Judy. ''The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar.'' Revised by Christopher Baumer (2004), p. 317. Odyssey Publications. ISBN 962-217-741-7.〕 DNA testing on the mummies found in the Tarim basin showed that they were an admixture of Western Europeans and East Asian. There is a relative abundance of information on Hotan readily available for study. The main historical sources are to be found in the Chinese histories (particularly detailed during the Han〔Hill (2015), Vol. I, "The Kingdom of Yutian 于窴 (Khotan)", pp. 17-19 and nn.〕 and early Tang dynasties) when China was interested in control of the Western Regions, the accounts of several Chinese pilgrim monks,〔(《大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳》 )〕 a few Buddhist histories of Hotan that have survived in Classical Tibetan and a large number of documents in the Iranian Saka language and other languages discovered, for the most part, early this century at various sites in the Tarim Basin and from the hidden library at the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hotan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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