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Howqua
Howqua (; 17694 September 1843〔Hunt, Freeman; Dana, William B. (1844). ''(The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review )''. Volume 10. p. 459.〕) was the most important of the Hong merchants in the Thirteen Factories, head of the ''E-wo hong'' and leader of the Canton Cohong. He was once one of the richest men in the world.〔(Amazon.ca: The Rich and How They Got That Way: How the Wealthiest People of All Time - From Genghis Khan to Bill Gates - Made Their Fortunes: Books )〕〔''The Rich And How They Got That Way'' By Cynthia Crossen Publisher: Crown Publishing Group Pub. Date: 2000 ISBN 0-8129-3267-6〕〔http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1008/1/4/2/100814207.html?coluid=6&kindid=26&docid=100814207&mdate=1129102451〕〔http://news.sina.com.tw/books/novel/barticle/3409.html〕
==Biography==
Born in Fujian, China, he was known to the West as ''Howqua'' (the second). His father, Wu Guorong was also ''Howqua'' (the first) and was founder of the family company. Because his Chinese name was too difficult for western traders to pronounce, the name Howqua comes from his Chinese Business Name "浩官" (), very similar to a DBA.〔:zh:廣州十三行〕 He became rich on the trade between China and the British Empire in the middle of the 19th century during the First Opium War. Perhaps the wealthiest man in China during the nineteenth century, Howqua was the senior of the Hong merchants in Canton, one of the few authorized to trade silk and porcelain with foreigners. According to historic records,〔<<觸藩始末>> ''The Start and End of Upsetting The Foreigners'', Chapter 3〕 there was a fire in 1822 and many of the cohongs were burned down. The melted silver allegedly formed a little stream almost two miles in length.〔〔 Of the 3 million dollars of compensation that was required to pay the British from the Treaty of Nanking, he single-handedly contributed one million, one third of the total sum.〔(档案揭秘:被称为“天下第一大富翁”的伍秉鉴-欢迎进入深圳档案网 )〕 He later died in Canton the same year.
To this day, portraits of the pigtailed Howqua in his robes still hang in Salem and Newport mansions built by U.S. merchants grateful for his assistance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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