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Mehmaan khana
A Mehmaan Khana, (Urdu مہمان خانہ Hindi मेहमान ख़ाना, (ベンガル語:মেহমান খানা)) is a drawing room where guests are entertained in many houses in North India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Alternative names that are used include Hujra and Baithak. These rooms were a typical feature of many Mughal era havelis palaces and mansions in the region. Many houses in the rural areas of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India still have ''mehmaan khanas'' for guests. In Bangladesh, it is more commonly known as ''baithak ghar'' or ''bangla ghar'' ((ベンガル語:বৈঠক ঘর or বাংলা ঘর)). In rural Punjab and some other areas of Pakistan, such a guest room is called ''baithak''.〔Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb (2015). (Domestic Space and Socio-spatial Relationships in Rural Pakistan ). ''South Asia Research'' 35(2):214-234.〕 ''Baithak'' usually serves as a guest room for male guests.
==Hujra==
The term ''hujra'' is especially prevalent in the predominantly Pashtun areas of Pakistan. Pashtun ''hujras'' are used mainly to entertain male guests in a household, although sometimes community ''hujras'' are also maintained by tribal units. In individual houses, the size and trappings of a ''hujra'' are sometimes indicative of family status.
As old as perhaps the Jirga itself is, Hujra is a community club situated in each village, each Khail (street) and some times owned by a well off family but shared by the whole community. Other than a place to accommodate collective ceremonies, male members of the community who hang out and associate like a larger family regularly attend hujra(s). Members of a Hujra are mostly close relatives but other people from neighborhood are also welcomed. Elderly people spend their day to enjoy hubble-bubble and chat over the tea, younger men in their spare time listen to the stories of elders and raise issues while the children keep playing around, waiting for a call from one of the elders to take a message or bring fresh tea. A guest house for male guests, Hujra also serves as a place to initiate Jirgas. Issues are put on the table, brainstormed and a consensus is developed before the issue can be put to the wider community. Hujra is considered to be a secular place but closely associated with Hujra is the role of mosque in the neighborhood. Although there are few similarities between a mosque and a Hujra, the role of mosque has gained more importance recently due to many national and regional settings tilted towards Islamization. Additionally, the role of Hujra is diminishing from community life because of the economic trends, and a faster pace of life which allows little leisure time with people to spare for community based activities. Decay in the institution of Hujra is definitely affecting the efficacy of Jirga, but this study tends not necessarily to argue for reinvigoration of Hujra; rather our focus will remain to find strengths and challenges for Jirga from where it is today and move forward.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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