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Humanitarianism
Humanitarianism is a moral of kindness, benevolence, and sympathy extended to all human beings. Humanitarianism has been an evolving concept historically but universality is a common theme in its evolution. No distinction is to be made on the grounds of gender, sexual orientation, race, caste, age, religion, ability, or nationality.
== Social reform ==
The historian G. M. Trevelyan viewed humanitarianism as the product of rationalism upon Puritanism.〔Trevelyan, G. M: "A Shortened History of England", p. 384. Pelican, 1970〕〔Trevelyan, G. M: "Illustrated English Social History", Volume 3, p. 103. Pelican, 1964.〕 However, in many areas of reform, Christians and rationalists worked together: in the case of slavery, William Wilberforce and the Buxtons, but also Jeremy Bentham and Condorcet; in the case of working conditions, evangelicals such as Lord Shaftesbury, but also Robert Owen and Edwin Chadwick; in the case of punishments, Cesare Beccaria and Samuel Romilly; in the case of the mentally ill, Shaftesbury and Pinel; and in the case of the treatment of animals, Bentham enlisted the aid of Wilberforce. The idea that mankind could be improved by deliberate social change distinct from the conferring of charity was relatively new.
Reform distinguished the humanitarian movement from philanthropy. Christian philanthropy tended to deprecate reform as political. In contrast, the humanitarian movement thought reform essential to remove abuses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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