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Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928, in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean biologist and self-help writer. Many consider him a member of a group of second-order cybernetics theoreticians such as Heinz von Foerster, Gordon Pask, Herbert Brün and Ernst von Glasersfeld. Maturana, along with Francisco Varela, is particularly known for creating the term "autopoiesis" about the nature of reflexive feedback mechanisms in living systems, and concepts such as structural determinism and structure coupling. His work has been influential in many fields, mainly the field of systems thinking and cybernetics. Overall, his work is concerned with the biology of cognition.〔Magnus Ramage, Karen Shipp (2012) ''Systems Thinkers''〕 == Life and career == After completing secondary school at the ''Liceo Manuel de Salas'' in 1947, Maturana enrolled at the University of Chile, studying first medicine then biology. In 1954, he obtained a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation to study anatomy and neurophysiology at University College London. He obtained a PhD in biology from Harvard University in 1958.〔See more biographical details in ''History: The Biology of Cognition Laboratory of the Universidad de Chile (1960-2006)''. Juan-Carlos Letelier, Gonzalo Marin & Jorge Mpodozis. Published online at.http://biologyofcognition.wordpress.com/about/〕 He works in neuroscience at the University of Chile, in the research center "Biología del Conocer" (Biology of Knowledge). Maturana's work has been developed and integrated into the work on Ontological coaching done by Fernando Flores and Julio Olalla. As of 2000, Maturana established his own reflection and research center, the Instituto de Formación Matriztica. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humberto Maturana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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