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Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: ''amerikai magyarok'') are Americans of Hungarian descent. The constant influx of Hungarian immigrants was marked by several waves of sharp increase. ==History== Hungarians have long settled in the New World, such as Michael de Kovats, the founder of United States Cavalry, active in the American Revolution. Hungarians have maintained a constant state of emigration to the United States since then; however, they are best known for three principle waves of emigration. Agoston Haraszthy, who settled in Wisconsin in 1840, was the first Hungarian to settle permanently in the United States〔Brian McGinty, ''Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy'' (Stanford University Press, 1998), 1.〕 and the second Hungarian to write a book about the United States in his native language.〔''Útazás Éjszakamerikáában'' (''Travels in North America''), Pest, 1846, 2d ed., Pest, 1850; McGinty, ''Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy'', 101.〕 After he moved to California in the Gold Rush of 1849, Haraszthy founded the Buena Vista Vineyards in Sonoma (now Buena Vista Carneros) and imported more than 100,000 European vine cuttings for the use of California winemakers. He is widely remembered today as the "Father of California Viticulture" or the "Father of Modern Winemaking in California."〔Pinney, Thomas, ''A History of Wine in America'' (University of California Press, 1989), 269; McGinty, ''Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy'', 1.〕 The first large wave of emigration from Hungary to the United States occurred in 1849-1850 when the so-called "Forty-Eighters" fled from retribution by Austrian authorities after the defeat of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth gave a seven-month speaking tour of the US in 1851 and 1852 to great acclaim as a champion of liberty, thereby unleashing a brief outburst of pro-Hungarian emotions. He left embittered because his refusal to oppose slavery alienated his natural constituency, and his long-term impact was minimal.〔Steven Béla Vardy, "Lajos Kossuth and the Slavery Question in America," ''East European Quarterly'' (2005) 39#4 pp 449-464.〕 By 1860, 2,710 Hungarians lived in the US, and at least 99 of them fought in the Civil War. Their motivations were not so much antislavery as a belief in democracy, a taste for adventure, validation of their military credentials, and solidarity with their American neighbors.〔Istvn Korn'l Vida, ''Hungarian Emigres in the American Civil War: A History and Biographical Dictionary'' (2011) ( excerpt and text search )〕 During the last decades of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, the United States saw an immigration boom primarily of Southern and Eastern Europeans, among them approximately 650,000-700,000 ethnic Hungarian speakers. Unlike the educated classes who formed the core of the 1849 wave, the second Hungarian wave was mostly poor and uneducated immigrants seeking a better life in America. An increase of immigration from Hungary was also observed after World War II and The Holocaust, a significant percentage of whom were Jewish. The circumstances of the third wave of emigration had much in common with the first wave. In 1956, Hungary was again under the power of a foreign state, this time the Soviet Union, and again, Hungarians rose up in revolution. Like the 1848 revolution, the 1956 Hungarian Revolution failed and led to the emigration of 200,000 "56-ers" fleeing persecution after the revolution, 40,000 of whom found their way to the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hungarian Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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