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A huyện ((:hwîˀən)), also known as rural district, in modern Vietnam is a second administrative subdivision of a province or municipality. There are three administrative tiers of local government in Vietnam: * First tier: provinces (''tỉnh'') and mnicipalities (''thành phố trực thuộc trung ương'') * Second tier: provincial cities (''thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh''), town (''thị xã''), rural districts (''huyện'') and urban districts (''quận'') * Third tier: communes (''xã''), township (''thị trấn'') and wards (''phường''). ==History== The rural districts existed since the 15th century. Prior to 1945 the ''huyện'' (chữ Hán: 縣) was also called district and earlier "sub-prefecture" of the prefectures, or phủ into which provinces were previously divided.〔Karl Hack, Tobias Rettig ''Colonial Armies in Southeast Asia'' 2006 Page 152 "31 A Phủ'': is an administrative subdivision of a province. 32 A Huyện is an administrative subdivision of a Phủ."〕〔Donald F. Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley - Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. 1998 Page 1278 " 1998 ""The Huyện was an administrative unit — a subprefecture — within the province which first came into use in the fifteenth century. See Whitfield, op. cit. (n. 2), p. 118. '6'Each province was divided into several phu or prefectures. Ibid , p〕 The administrative reorganization by Minh Mạng in 1832 did not substantially affect the position of the huyện, but concentrated administration of the level above the huyện, the phủ under new larger unit of the tỉnh and provincial governors. The position of local prefects and district heads remained unaffected.〔Journal asiatique Société asiatique (Paris, France), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), Gallica (Organization) - 1834 Page 475 "A cette époque il a voulu marcher sur les traces de l'empereur de Chine et a divisé son royaume en tinh ou métropoles. Il y a laissé les phù et les huyên comme auparavant. L'ordre a été changé, mais le fond de l'administration est le même."〕〔Jacob Ramsay ''Mandarins and Martyrs: The Church and the Nguyen Dynasty in Early ... '' 2008 Page 37 "provinces (tỉnh) over which directly appointed governors-general (tổngđốc), one to every two provinces, and every two provinces, and governors (tuấn phủ), to every other province, ruled.51 Under the provincial structure, a descending hierarchy of smaller territorial jurisdictions was organized: these included the prefecture (phủ), the district (huyện), the canton (tổng), and the village ... Just as bureaucratic order provided the foundation for the administration of the kingdom, attention to key sites of ritual power projected the"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Huyện」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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