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Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad ((シンド語:حيدرآباد), (ウルドゥー語:حيدرآباد )) is a city located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad is the 6th most populous city in Pakistan, according to the 1998 census.〔http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf〕
==History==
In AD 711, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and the Indus Valley, bringing South Asian societies into contact with Islam. Raja Dahir was a Hindu king who ruled over a Buddhist majority and that Chach of Alor and his kin were regarded as usurpers of the earlier Buddhist Rai Dynasty.〔Nicholas F. Gier, ''FROM MONGOLS TO MUGHALS: RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN INDIA 9TH-18TH CENTURIES'', Presented at the Pacific Northwest Regional Meeting American Academy of Religion, Gonzaga University, May 2006 (). Retrieved 11 December 2006.〕 This view is questioned by those who note the diffuse and blurred nature of Hindu and Buddhist practices in the region,〔P. 151 ''Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World'' By André Wink〕 especially that of royalty to be patrons of both and those who believe that Chach himself may have been a Buddhist.〔P. 164 ''Notes on the religious, moral, and political state of India before the Mahomedan invasion, chiefly founded on the travels of the Chinese Buddhist priest Fai Han in India, A.D. 399, and on the commentaries of Messrs. Remusat, Klaproth, Burnouf, and Landresse, Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Sykes'' by Sykes, Colonel;〕〔P. 505 ''The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians'' by Henry Miers Elliot, John Dowson〕 The forces of Muhammad bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir in alliance with the Jats and other regional governors.
Hyderabad is a city built on three hillocks cascading over each other. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty founded the city in 1768 over the ruins of Neroon Kot (Nerun or Nerun Kot meaning ''the place of Neroon''), a small fishing village on the banks of Indus River named after its ruler Neroon. A formal concept for the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. When the foundations were laid, the city obtained the nickname ''Heart of the Mehran'' as the ruler Mian Ghulam Shah himself was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks, on account of which it was named ''Pacco Qillo'' (Sindhi: پڪو قلعو) meaning ''the strong fort''.
The City has a history of Sufism. In the 18th Century Syeds from Multan migrated and settled at Tando Jahania making it a sacred place for Muslims. These Syeds came here from Uch Sharif (Bahawalpur District) via Jahanian (Khanewal District 42 km from Multan). These were the descendants of Jahaniyan Jahangasht a noted Sufi saint.〔()〕
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