|
''Hydnellum'' is a genus of tooth fungi of the family Bankeraceae in the order Thelephorales. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, the genus contains around 40 species. The fruitbodies of its members grow by slowly enveloping nearby bits of grass and vegetation. There is great variability in the form of ''Hydnellum'' fruitbodies, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall and humidity, drying winds, and temperature. They are too tough and woody to eat comfortably. Several species have become the focus of increasing conservation concern following widespread declines in abundance. ''Hydnellum'' species produce pigments that have been used to dye textiles. Several chemical compounds—some with unique biological activity—have been isolated and identified from the genus. One of the better-known species is the unusual pinkish-white ''Hydnellum peckii'', also known as "strawberries and cream" or as the "bleeding tooth fungus" due to the red droplets that appear on the pinkish or whitish fruitbodies. Another species, ''H. suaveolens'', has a strong odor of anise or peppermint. ==Taxonomy== ''Hydnellum'' was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879 with what was then known as ''Hydnum suaveolens'' as the type species.〔 Before then, fungi with spines (hydnoid fungi) had been grouped in ''Hydnum'' by Elias Fries in his 1821 work ''Systema mycologicum''.〔Harrison (1961), (p. 16. )〕 Karsten defined ''Hydnellum'' as having fruitbodies with a corky or leathery, tough cap, and a centrally attached stipe.〔 Synonyms of ''Hydnellum'' include ''Calodon'' (Karsten, 1881〔), and ''Phaeodon'' (Joseph Schröter, 1888〔).〔 ''Hydnellum'' is classified in the family Bankeraceae, which was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. The genus was not in Donk's original family concept, which included only ''Bankera'' and ''Phellodon'', genera whose species made hyaline (translucent), and ornamented spores. Donk left ''Hydnellum'' in the tribe Hydnelleae of the family Thelephoraceae, along with ''Sarcodon'' and ''Hydnodon''.〔 In 1981,〔 however, Walter Jülich emended Donk's concept of the Bankeraceae, adding hydnoid genera that produced brown, lobed spores—''Hydnellum'' and ''Sarcodon''.〔Stalpers (1993), p. 22.〕 The name comes the Greek ''hydnum'' meaning ''spongy plant or fungus''.〔 The British Mycological Society, in their recommended list of common names for fungi in the United Kingdom, name ''Hydnellum'' fungi in the form "descriptor word" plus "tooth", such as "gold tooth" (''H. auratile''), "zoned tooth" (''H. concrescens''), and "velvet tooth" (''H. spongiosipes'').〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hydnellum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|