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Gaius Julius Hyginus (; 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the famous Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Caesar Augustus. He was elected superintendent of the Palatine library by Augustus according to Suetonius' ''De Grammaticis'', 20.〔Not everyone is sure that the Hyginus of ''Fabulae'' was this freedman of Augustus; for one, Edward Fitch, reviewing Herbert J. Rose, ''Hygini Fabulae'' in ''The American Journal of Philology'' 56,4 (1935), p. 422.〕 It is not clear whether Hyginus was a native of the Iberian Peninsula or of Alexandria. Suetonius remarks that he fell into great poverty in his old age, and was supported by the historian Clodius Licinus. Hyginus was a voluminous author: his works included topographical and biographical treatises, commentaries on Helvius Cinna and the poems of Virgil, and disquisitions on agriculture and bee-keeping. All these are lost. Under the name of Hyginus there are extant what are probably two sets of school notes abbreviating his treatises on mythology; one is a collection of ''Fabulae'' ("stories"), the other a "Poetical Astronomy". ==''Fabulae''== ''Fabulae'' consists of some three hundred very brief and plainly, even crudely told myths and celestial genealogies,〔"the ''Fabulae'' (more correctly ''Genealogiae'') of Hyginus", according to H. J. Rose, "Second Thoughts on Hyginus" ''Mnemosyne'', Fourth Series, 11.1 (1958:42–48) p. 42; the article is in the way of a set of marginalia to Rose's edition of ''Fabulae''.〕 made by an author who was characterized by his modern editor, H. J. Rose, as ''adulescentem imperitum, semidoctum, stultum''—"an ignorant youth, semi-learned, stupid"—but valuable for the use made of works of Greek writers of tragedy that are now lost. Arthur L. Keith, reviewing H. J. Rose's edition (1934) of ''Hygini Fabulae'',〔A.L. Keith, in ''The Classical Journal'' 31.1 (October 1935) p. 53.〕 wondered "at the caprices of Fortune who has allowed many of the plays of an Aeschylus, the larger portion of Livy's histories, and other priceless treasures to perish, while this school-boy's exercise has survived to become the ''pabulum'' of scholarly effort." Hyginus' compilation represents in primitive form what every educated Roman in the age of the Antonines was expected to know of Greek myth, at the simplest level. The ''Fabulae'' are a mine of information today, when so many more nuanced versions of the myths have been lost. In fact the text of ''Fabulae'' was all but lost: a single surviving manuscript from the abbey of Freising,〔A ''Codex Freisingensis'', noted by Fitch, reviewing Rose, ''Hygini Fabulae'' 1934:421.〕 in a Beneventan script datable c. 900, formed the material for the first printed edition, negligently and uncritically〔A. H. F. Griffin, "Hyginus, Fabula 89 (Laomedon)" ''The Classical Quarterly'' New Series, 36.2 (1986), p. 541 note.〕 transcribed by Jacob Micyllus, 1535, who may have supplied it with the title we know it by. In the course of printing, following the usual practice, by which the manuscripts printed in the 15th and 16th centuries have rarely survived their treatment at the printshop, the manuscript was pulled apart: only two small fragments of it have turned up, significantly as stiffening in book bindings.〔One was discovered at Regensburg in 1864, another in Munich, 1942. Both fragments are conserved in Munich. See M.D. Reeve on Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' in L.D. Reynolds, ed., ''Texts and Transmission'' (Oxford) 1983, pp 189f.〕 Another fragmentary text, dating from the 5th century is in the Vatican Library. (Major 2002) Among Hyginus' sources are the ''scholia'' on Apollonius of Rhodes' ''Argonautica'', which were dated to about the time of Tiberius by Apollonius' editor R. Merkel, in the preface to his edition of Apollonius (Leipzig, 1854).〔Noted by Rose 1958:42 note 3.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gaius Julius Hyginus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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