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''Hygrophoropsis'' is a genus of gilled fungi in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae (suborder Coniophorineae of the order Boletales).〔 There are 16 accepted species, though most are poorly known. The fruit bodies are convex to infundibuliform (funnel-shaped) and have decurrent, forked brightly colored lamellae. Because the type species, ''H. aurantiaca'', has orange gills, it has been mistaken for a chanterelle, and hence it has been called a false chanterelle. ==Taxonomy== ''Hygrophoropsis'' was originally circumscribed in 1888 by German mycologist Joseph Schröter as a subgenus of ''Cantharellus''. It contained a single species, the widespread ''H. aurantiaca'',〔 commonly known as the false chanterelle. German naturalist Bernhard Studer-Steinhäuslin concluded in 1900 that the fungus was more appropriately placed in the genus ''Clitocybe'', based on its white spores, decurrent gills, and lack of a ring on the stipe.〔 This classification was adopted in the early writings of influential mycologist Rolf Singer, who in 1943 proposed that ''Hygrophoropsis'' should be a subgenus of ''Clitocybe''.〔 French naturalist Emile Martin-Sans elevated ''Hygrophoropsis'' to the status of genus in his 1929 publication ''L'Empoisonnement par les champignons et particulièrement les intoxications dues aux Agaricacées du groupe des Clitocybe et du groupe des Cortinarius'', while attributing authorship to his countryman René Maire. According to Martin-Sans, he concurred with Maire's assessment of ''Hygrophoropsis'', suggesting it represented a form intermediate between ''Cantharellus'' and ''Clitocybe'', and was thus worthy of generic rank.〔 The name ''Hygrophoropsis'' refers to a likeness (Greek: -''opsis'') to the genus ''Hygrophorus''. These genera are not thought to be related in modern classifications. |2=Suillineae }} |2= }} |2=Serpulaceae }} |2= }} }} }} ''Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca'' has been confused with the true chanterelles (genus ''Cantharellus'') because of overall similarities in appearance. Later mycologists thought that the forked gills, frequently off-centre stipe placement, and dextrinoid spores suggested a relationship with ''Paxillus''.〔 ''Hygrophoropsis'' was redefined and classified in the family Paxillaceae by Singer in 1946,〔 although others placed it in the Tricholomataceae,〔 which has been described as a wastebasket taxon.〔 Singer initially included only two species, both with dextrinoid spores—''H. aurantiaca'' and ''H. tapinia''.〔 He wrote "The discovery of a second species, ''H. tapinia'', with smaller spores and an external appearance frankly suggesting ''Paxillus curtisii'' but never met with in ''Clitocybe'', makes the affinity between ''Hygrophoropsis'' and ''Paxillus'' an established fact."〔 In 1975, he added species with inamyloid but cyanophilous spores, whose characteristics otherwise aligned with the type species.〔 ''Hygrophoropsis'' is now the type genus of the family Hygrophoropsidaceae, circumscribed by Robert Kühner in 1980 to contain it and the genus ''Omphalotus''.〔 Singer considered this family to be "transient between Tricholomatales and Boletales."〔 Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed its affinity lay in the order Boletales in 1997,〔 though later research showed it is not closely related to ''Paxillus'' or other gilled boletes. Instead it is most closely related to the genus ''Leucogyrophana''. These two genera are sister to ''Coniophora'', near the base of the cladogram representing the Boletales.〔 The presence of several pigments in the type species, including variegatic acid, variegatorubin, and several other derivatives of pulvinic acid,〔 suggests a chemotaxic relationship with the Boletaceae, Coniophoraceae, and Paxillaceae—families of Boletales with members that have similar compounds.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hygrophoropsis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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