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Hypermasculinity is a psychological term for the exaggeration of male stereotypical behavior, such as an emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and sexuality. This term has been used pejoratively by some scholars. ==Studies== One of the first studies of hypermasculinity was conducted by Donald L. Mosher and Mark Sirkin in 1984. Mosher and Sirkin have operationally defined hypermasculinity or the "macho personality" as consisting of three variables: *callous sexual attitudes toward women *the belief that violence is manly *the experience of danger as exciting They developed the ''Hypermasculinity Inventory'' (HMI) designed to measure the three components.〔Mosher, Donald L.; Serkin, Mark (1984). "Measuring a macho personality constellation". ''Journal of Research in Personality'' 18 (2): 150–163. 〕 Research has found that hypermasculinity is associated with sexual and physical aggression towards women.〔Mosher, Donald L.; Anderson, Ronald D. (1986). "Macho personality, sexual aggression, and reactions to guided imagery of realistic rape". ''Journal of Research in Personality'' 20 (1): 77–94. 〕〔Parrott, Dominic J.; Zeichner, Amos (2003). "Effects of hypermasculinity oh physical aggression against women". ''Psychology of Men & Masculinity'' 4 (1): 70–78. 〕 Prisoners have higher hypermasculinity scores than control groups.〔Beesley, Francis; McGuire, James (2009). "Gender-role identity and hypermasculinity in violent offending." ''Psychology, Crime & Law'' 15 (2–3): 251–268. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hypermasculinity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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