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A hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), and the triiodide (I3−) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules. ==Definitions and nomenclature== Hypervalent molecules were first formally defined by Jeremy I. Musher in 1969 as molecules having central atoms of group 15–18 in any valence other than the lowest (i.e. 3, 2, 1, 0 for Groups 15, 16, 17, 18 respectively, based on the octet rule). Several specific classes of hypervalent molecules exist: * Hypervalent iodine compounds are useful reagents in organic chemistry (e.g. Dess–Martin periodinane) * Tetra-, penta- and hexacoordinated phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur compounds (ex. PCl5, PF5, SF6, sulfuranes and persulfuranes) * Noble gas compounds (ex. xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4) * Halogen polyfluorides (ex. ClF5) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hypervalent molecule」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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