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Hypostomus
''Hypostomus'' is the largest genus of armored catfish. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. ''H. plecostomus'' is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as ''Plecostomus plecostomus''. There is a lot of confusion as to the precise taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
''Hypostomus'' is the only genus in the tribe Hypostomini of the subfamily Hypostominae, and is the type genus of Hypostominae.〔〔 The type species of ''Hypostomus'' is ''H. guacari''.
With the inclusion of ''Aphanotorulus'', ''Cheiridodus'', ''Cochliodon'', ''Isorineloricaria'', ''Squaliforma'', and ''Watawata'', the genus ''Hypostomus'' is by far the largest genus of Loricariidae, and the second largest genus of catfish.〔 However, a good way to split up the genus further is unclear.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Hypostomus'' )〕 Species level taxonomy of ''Hypostomus'' is still poorly known as well as the phylogenetic relationships within and of the genus. It has been shown that the genus does not form a natural group.〔 However, small monophyletic groups are known to exist within the genus ''Hypostomus'', such as the ''H. unicolor'' group and the ''H. cochliodon'' group.〔 ''Aphanotorulus'', ''Isorineloricaria'', and ''Squaliforma'' are considered separate genera by some authors based on molecular information.〔
Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed that within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity that the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus ''Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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