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was a trade union centre in Japan which operated from 1920. ''Hyōgikai'' was founded at a conference in Kobe on May 24–27, 1925.〔Beckmann and Okubo, pp. 87, 90.〕 As of late 1925, ''Hyōgikai'' had 59 affiliated trade unions and around 35,000 members. The organization was affiliated with the Pan Pacific Trade Union Secretariat.〔Beckmann and Okubo, p. 91.〕 When the organization was crushed in a government crackdown in the spring of 1928, it had 11 regional councils, 82 affiliated unions and around 23,000 members.〔Beckmann and Okubo, p. 159.〕 ==Background== ''Hyōgikai'' was founded as a continuation of the Reform Alliance, a group of 25 trade unions which merged out of the Eastern Local Council (a body that had separated itself from the Eastern Federation of the ''Sodomei'' trade union centre, but retained a direct affiliation to ''Sodomei''. The Eastern Local Council had been dissolved by ''Sodomei'', accused of being a communist plot), and on May 16, 1925 the Reform Alliance unions were expelled from ''Sodomei''. The expelled Reform Alliance unions were joined by seven other unions in forming ''Hyōgikai''. At the time of its foundation ''Hyōgikai'' counted with 32 trade unions and 10,778 members.〔〔International Labour Office. (''Industrial Labour in Japan'' ). Japanese economic history, 1930-1960, v. 5. New York: Routledge, 2000. pp. 101-102〕 Ritsuta Noda was elected ''Hyōgikai'' chairman at the Kobe meeting. A 17-member Central Committee was formed. Noda was not a communist, but communists played a dominant role in the Central Committee. Prominent communist Central Committee members were Nabeyama, Yamamoto, Taniguchi and Mitamuro Shiro.〔 ''Hyōgikai'' appealed to ''Sodomei'' to unite all trade unions in a single national federation, a proposal which ''Sodomei'' rejected. In response, ''Hyōgikai'' denounced the ''Sodomei'' leadership as 'bureaucratic' and 'right wing'.〔 Both ''Hyōgikai'' and ''Sodomei'' took part in the discussions on the formation of a joint legal proletarian party. The two sides submitted their own drafts for a party platform. On November 29, 1925, ''Sodomei'' withdrew from the party-building process, stating that it would not be part of any party which included ''Hyōgikai''. In response ''Hyōgikai'' also pulled out of the party-building process the following day, in order not to obstruct the creation of a broad-based proletarian party. In the end, the short-lived Farmer-Labour Party was founded in December 1925.〔Beckmann and Okubo, pp. 96-99.〕 When the Labour-Farmer Party was founded in March 1926 (by ''Sodomei'' and others), ''Hyōgikai'' members were barred from becoming members of the party. However, this policy was relaxed after internal disagreements in the party, resulting in the withdrawal of ''Sodomei'' from the party and the establishment of a close relation between ''Hyōgikai'' and the party.〔Beckmann and Okubo, p. 101.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hyōgikai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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