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Hôtel particulier
In French contexts, an ''hôtel particulier'' ((:otɛl paʁtikylje)) is a townhouse of a grand sort. (In mediaeval English, ''hôtel'' was rendered as "inn", ''the townhouse of a nobleman'', now surviving only as used in Inns of Court. ''Particulier'' meant "personal" or "private").〔Collins Robert French Dictionary〕 Whereas an ordinary ''maison'' (house) was built as part of a row, sharing party walls with the houses on either side and directly fronting on a street, an ''hôtel particulier'' was often free-standing, and by the 18th century it would always be located ''entre cour et jardin'', between the entrance court, the ''cour d'honneur'', and the garden behind.〔Michel Gallet, ''Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle'', Paris;〕 There are ''hôtels particuliers'' in many large cities, such as Paris, Bordeaux, Albi, Aix en Provence, Avignon, Caen, Lyon, Montpellier, Nancy, Rouen, Rennes, Toulouse and Troyes. The term is comparable to the townhouse which housed the British nobleman in London.
==Etymology==
The word ''hôtel'' represents the Old French ''hostel'', from Latin ''hospes, hospitis'', a stranger, foreigner, thus a guest.〔Cassell's Latin Dictionary〕 It thus appears that the city townhouse of the French nobleman was used by him not as a home but as a private place of temporary lodging, perhaps with a permanent staff, where he was treated as an occasional guest. The term had exactly the same equivalent in mediaeval London as "Inn", of which almost every great nobleman possessed one, generally within the City of London. The English word "hotel" developed a more specific meaning as serviced rooms for rent, as did the word "inn", when replaced by the suffix "house", for example the mediaeval townhouse of the Earl of Northumberland would have been known as "Northumberland's Inn", but a later version was called "Northumberland House" . Cognates can be confusing: the modern usage in English of ''hotel'' denotes a commercial building accommodating travellers, a ''hostelry'' that is more ambitious than the modern meaning of inn. Modern French also applies ''hôtel'' to commercial non-private hotels: confusingly the Hôtel de Crillon on the Place de la Concorde was built as an ''hôtel particulier'' and is today a public hotel. The Hôtel des Invalides retains its early sense of a hospice for war wounded.
In French, an ''hôtel de ville'' or ''mairie'' is a town hall (and not a hotel), such as the Hôtel de Ville, Paris or the Hôtel de Ville de Montréal. Other official bodies might give their name to the structure in which they maintained a seat: aside from Paris. several other French cities have an Hôtel de Cluny, maintained by the abbey of Cluny. The Hôtel de Sens was built as the Paris residence of the archbishop of Sens.
''Hôtel-Dieu'' ("hostel of God") is the old name given to the principal hospital in French towns, such as the Hôtel-Dieu de Beaune.
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