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Ibycus (; ; fl. 2nd half of 6th century BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet, a citizen of Rhegium in Magna Graecia, probably active at Samos during the reign of the tyrant Polycrates〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), page 305〕 and numbered by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria in the canonical list of nine lyric poets. He was mainly remembered in antiquity for pederastic verses but he also composed lyrical narratives on mythological themes in the manner of Stesichorus.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 8〕 His work survives today only as quotations by ancient scholars or recorded on fragments of papyrus recovered from archaeological sites in Egypt, yet his extant verses include what are considered some of the finest examples of Greek poetry.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), page 306, referring to fragments 286 and 287〕 The following lines, dedicated to a lover, Euryalus, were recorded by Athenaeus as a famous example of amorous praise: ::: ::: ::: ::: The rich language of these lines, in particular the accumulation of epithets, typical of Ibycus, is shown in the following translation: :::Euryalus, offshoot of the blue-eyed Graces, darling of the lovely-haired Seasons, the Cyprian and soft-lidded Persuasion nursed you among rose-blossoms.〔Fragment 288, cited and translated by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 256-7〕 This mythological account of his lover recalls Hesiod's account of Pandora〔''Op.'' lines 73–100, especially: : : :〕 who was decked out by the same goddesses (the Graces, the Seasons and Persuasion) so as to be a bane to mankind—an allusion consistent with Ibycus's view of love as unavoidable turmoil.〔Douglas E. Gerber, ''A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets'', Brill (1997), page 196〕 As is the case with many other major poets of ancient Greece, Ibycus became famous not just for his poetry but also for events in his life, largely the stuff of legend: the testimonia are difficult to interpret and very few biographical facts are actually known.〔 ==Life== The Byzantine encyclopaedia Suda represents a good example of a problematic biography, here translated by David Campbell: Suda's chronology has been dismissed as "muddled" since it makes Ibycus about a generation older than Anacreon, another poet known to have flourished at the court of Polycrates, and it is inconsistent with what we know of the Samian tyrant from Herodotus.〔Herodotus 3.39, cited by C.M.Bowra, ''Greek Lyric Poetry from Alcman to Simonides'', Oxford University Press (1961, reprinted 2000), page 248〕 Eusebius recorded the poet's first experience of fame ("agnoscitur") somewhere between 542 and 537 BC〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 211, note 2:''the given range of dates reflects differences between manuscripts''〕 and this better fits the period of Polycrates' reign. Suda's account seems to be corroborated by a papyrus fragment (''P.Oxy.''1790), usually ascribed to Ibycus, glorifying a youthful Polycrates, but this was unlikely to have been the Polycrates of Samos and might instead have been his son, mentioned in a different context by Himerius as Polycrates, governor of Rhodes.〔Douglas E. Gerber, ''A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets'', Brill (1997), page 188, referring to Himerus ''Or.'' 29.22 ff. Colonna〕 Suda's list of fathers of Ibycus also presents problems:〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 208, notes 2-4〕 there were no historians in the early 6th century and ''Cerdas'' looks like an invention of the comic stage (it has low associations). There was a Pythagorean lawgiver of Rhegium known as Phytius, but the early 6th century is too early for this candidate also. Ibycus gives no indication of being a Pythagorean himself, except in one poem he identifies the Morning Star with the Evening Star, an identity first popularized by Pythagoras.〔Scholiast on Basil, ''Genesis'', cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 283〕〔C.M.Bowra, ''Greek Lyric Poetry from Alcman to Simonides'', Oxford University Press (1961, reprinted 2000), page 241〕 Suda's extraordinary account of the poet's death is found in other sources, such as Plutarch〔Plutarch, ''De Garrulitate'' 14 (Steph. 509 E-F)〕 and Antipater of Sidon〔''Palatine Anthology 7.745: Antipater of Sidon xix Gow-Page〕 and later it inspired Friedrich Schiller to write a ballad called "The Cranes of Ibycus"〔Campbell, David David A. ''Greek Lyric Poetry.'' MacMillan 1967, p. 305 - 306.〕 yet the legend might be derived merely from a play upon the poet's name and the Greek word for the bird or ''ibyx''—it might even have been told of somebody else originally.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 211, note 12〕〔However, according to Hesychius (s.v. ''iota'' 138) is a form of ibis, while the common Greek word for "crane" (, ''geranos'') is used of the birds associated with the death of Ibycus〕 Another proverb associated with Ibycus was recorded by Diogenianus: "more antiquated than Ibycus" or "more silly than Ibycus". The proverb was apparently based on an anecdote about Ibycus stupidly or nobly turning down an opportunity to become tyrant of Rhegium in order to pursue a poetic career instead〔Diogen.2.71, cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 213〕 (one modern scholar however infers from his poetry that Ibycus was in fact wise enough to avoid the lure of supreme power, citing as an example Plato's quotation from one of his lyrics: "I am afraid it may be in exchange for some sin before the gods that I get honour from men")〔Plato, Phaedrus (242D), cited by C.M.Bowra, ''Greek Lyric Poetry from Alcman to Simonides'', Oxford University Press (1961, reprinted 2000), page 245〕 There is no other information about Ibycus' activities in the West, apart from an account by Himerius, that he fell from his chariot while travelling between Catana and Himera and injured his hand badly enough to give up playing the lyre "for some considerable time."〔Himer.''Or.''69.35, cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 291〕 Some modern scholars have found in the surviving poetry evidence that Ibycus might have spent time at Sicyon before journeying to Samos—mythological references indicate local knowledge of Sicyon and could even point to the town's alliance with Sparta against Argos and Athens.〔Douglas E. Gerber, ''A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets'', Brill (1997), page 189〕 His depiction of the women of Sparta as "thigh-showing" (quoted by Plutarch as proof of lax morals among the women there) is vivid enough to suggest that he might have composed some verses in Sparta also.〔Plut.''comp.Lyc. et Num.'', cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 289; see also comment page 7〕 It is possible that he left Samos at the same time as Anacreon, on the death of Polycrates, and there is an anonymous poem in the Palatine Anthology celebrating Rhegium as his final resting place, describing a tomb located under an elm, covered in ivy and white reeds.〔''Anth.Pal.''7.714, cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric III'', Loeb Classical Library (1991), page 215〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ibycus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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