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Idaksahak people
The Dawsahak people, ''Idaksahak'' (var.: ''Daoussahak'',〔Edmond Bernus (ed.). Art of being Tuareg: Sahara nomads in a modern world. Indiana University Press (2006) ISBN 978-0-9748729-4-0 p.291〕〔Jeffrey Heath. A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali), Volume 35 of Mouton grammar library. Walter de Gruyter, (2005) ISBN 978-3-11-018484-6 p.9〕 ''Dahoussahak'',〔Catherine Taine-Cheikh. (langues parlées au sud Sahara et au nord Sahel http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00456346/ ). De l'Atlantique à l'Ennedi (Catalogue de l'exposition « Sahara-Sahel »), Centre Culturel Français d'Abidjan (Ed.) (1989) 155-173〕 ''Dausahaq, Daosahaq, Daoussahaq, Daoussak, Dawsahaq'') are pastoralist Berbers centered on Menaka and Inékar town in Menaka Cercle and Talataye in Ansongo Cercle of the Gao Region of northeastern Mali.〔David J. Phillips. Peoples on the move: introducing the nomads of the world. William Carey Library, 2001 ISBN 0-87808-352-9 pp.146-147〕〔R Christiansen-Bolli. ( A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali: Summary ). Leiden University〕〔R Christiansen-Bolli. ( A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali: Introduction ). Leiden University〕 They speak the Northern Songhai language ''Tadaksahak''.〔CM Benítez-Torres. (Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology in Tagdal: A Mixed Language ) In Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. (2009)〕 Many also speak Western Tawallammat Tamajaq language, the Tuareg language of southern Gao.〔Michael J Rueck; Niels Christiansen. (Northern Songhay languages in Mali and Niger, a sociolinguistic survey ). Summer Institute of Linguistics (1999).〕 ''Daoussahak'' appears to be the most common transliteration of the collective name among French and English academics.〔〔
==History==
The Idaksahak are a former dependent faction of local Tuareg Iwellemmeden, formerly serving as ''maraboutic'' (religious experts) and livestock minders for higher caste Tuareg factions.〔 Despite this history, they predated the Tuareg in the region, and even the Songhay Empire, from which they took their language. They are still sometimes referred to as a ''tewsit'' (clan) of the Iwellemmeden Tuareg. The Idaksahak, like the related Igdalan "were among the first Berbers to migrate to sub-Saharan Africa, sometime between the 8th and 9th centuries"〔 and were among the first Muslim groups in the area.〔
The Daoussahak remained detached from, and sometimes in conflict with, French colonial rule as late as the 1950s.〔Edmond Bernus (ed.). Nomades et commandants: administration et sociétés nomades dans l'ancienne A.O.F.. KARTHALA Editions, (1993) ISBN 978-2-86537-420-5 p.212〕〔Pierre Boilley. Les Touaregs Kel Adagh. KARTHALA Editions, (1999) ISBN 978-2-86537-872-2 p.300〕 They were among the first of the rebels who rose against the Malian government in the 1963-64 rebellion, an insurgency which was met with brutal suppression across the north of the country.〔Jean Sebastian Lecocq. (That desert is our country: Tuareg rebellions and competing nationalisms in contemporary Mali (1946-1996) ). Universiteit van Amsterdam, (2002). pp.136, 140, 165〕 Daoussahak men also formed armed groups during the 1990s rebellion. The Popular Liberation Front of Azawad(1991-1993)〔Jean-Marc Balencie, Arnaud de La Grange. Mondes rebelles: guerres civiles et violences politiques. Michalon, (1999) ISBN 978-2-84186-091-3 p.264〕 and the later splinter group the National Liberation Front of Azawad (1993) contained fighters drawn from the Daoussahak, the later being majority Daoussahak.〔Lecocq (2002) pp.230, 261〕
Daoussahak livestock raiding and conflict with rival Fula pastoralists and farmers continues today, with occasional armed conflict over land, grazing, water, and animals periodically spilling over into the Ouallam Department of Niger.〔(Des Touareg Daoussahak ont une fois de plus attaqué nos paisibles éleveurs ) AFP, 20 June 2011.〕〔(Le Niger veut sécuriser sa frontière avec le Mali, théâtre de banditisme armé ). APA, 6 September 2008.〕
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