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If—
"If—" is a poem by British Nobel laureate Rudyard Kipling, written in 1895 〔If poem was written in 1895 by Rudyard Kipling, (originally first printed in Circa in 1895 )〕 and first published in ''Rewards and Fairies'', 1910. It is a tribute to Leander Starr Jameson. The poem is written in the form of paternal advice to the poet's son, John. As poetry, "If—" is a literary example of Victorian-era stoicism. John was killed at the Battle of Loos in 1915. 〔
The well-known Indian historian and writer Khushwant Singh claims that Kipling's "If—" is "the essence of the message of The Gita in English."〔Khushwant Singh, (Review of ''The Book of Prayer'' by Renuka Narayanan ), 2001〕
==Publication==
The initial publication of the poem "If—" was in the "Brother Square Toes" chapter of the book ''Rewards and Fairies'' (1910), a collection of Kipling's poetry and short-story fiction. In the posthumously published autobiography ''Something of Myself'' (1937), Kipling said that his poetic inspiration for the poem was the military actions of Leander Starr Jameson,〔Kipling, Rudyard. "Something of Myself." ''Rudyard Kipling: Something of Myself and Other Autobiographical Writings''. Ed. Thomas Pinney. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. 111. Print.〕 leader of the failed Jameson Raid (December 1895 – January 1896) against the Transvaal Republic to overthrow the Boer Government of Paul Kruger some 15 years prior to its publication. The failure of that mercenary coup d’état aggravated the political tensions between Great Britain and the Boers, which led to the Second Boer War (1899–1902).〔"The New Britannica Encyclopædia", 15th Edition, volume 6, pp. 489–90.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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