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|poptime= c. 32 million (est.) |regions = |popplace = Nigeria: 32 million (2014)〔(Nigeria ) at CIA World Factbook: "Igbo 18%" out of a population of 177 million (2014 estimate)〕 |languages= |religions= Primarily Christianity, sometimes syncretised with indigenous Igbo religion and belief systems |related-c= other Cross River groups of southeastern Nigeria (Ibibio, Efik, Annang, Ogoni); more remotely the YEAI group within Volta-Niger. |footnotes = }} The Igbo people, often spelled an pronounced "Ibo" (because the Europeans had difficulty making the "gb" sound), are an ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. They speak Igbo, which includes various Igboid languages and dialects. Igbo people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. In rural Nigeria, Igbo people work mostly as craftsmen, farmers and traders. The most important crop is the yam; celebrations take place annually to celebrate its harvesting. Other staple crops include cassava and taro.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Igbo )〕 Before British colonial rule, the Igbo were a politically fragmented group. There were variations in culture such as in art styles, attire and religious practices. Various subgroups were organized by clan, lineage, village affiliation, and dialect. There were not many centralized chiefdoms, hereditary aristocracy, or kingship customs except in kingdoms such as those of the Nri, Arochukwu, Agbor and Onitsha. This political system changed significantly under British colonialism in the early 20th century; Frederick Lugard introduced ''Eze'' (kings) into most local communities as "Warrant Chiefs". The Igbo became overwhelmingly Christian under colonization. Chinua Achebe's ''Things Fall Apart'' is one of the most popular novels to depict Igbo culture and changes under colonialism. By the mid-20th century, the Igbo people developed a strong sense of ethnic identity.〔 Certain conflicts with other Nigerian ethnicities led to Igbo-dominated Eastern Nigeria seceding to create the independent state of Biafra. The Nigerian Civil War or the Nigerian-Biafran War (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970) broke out shortly after. With their defeat, the Republic of Biafra once again was part of Nigeria. MASSOB, a sectarian organization formed in 1999, continues a non-violent struggle for an independent Igbo state. Due to the effects of migration and the Atlantic slave trade, there are descendant ethnic Igbo populations in countries such as Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, as well as outside Africa. Their exact population outside Africa is unknown, but today many African Americans and Afro Caribbeans are of Igbo descent. According to Liberian historians the fifth president of Liberia Edward James Roye was of Igbo descent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E.J. Roye Death and Succession )〕 ==Identity== The Igbo people have had fragmented and politically independent communities. Before knowledge of Europeans and full exposure to other neighbouring ethnic groups, the Igbo did not have a strong identity as one people. As in the case of most ethnic groups, the British and fellow Europeans identified the Igbo as a tribe. Chinua Achebe, among other scholars, challenged this because of its negative connotations and possible wrong definition.〔 He suggested defining the Igbo people as a nation although the Igbo do not have an officially recognized physical state of their own.〔 Due to the effects of migration and the Atlantic slave trade, there are descendant historical Igbo populations in countries such as Cameroon〔 and Equatorial Guinea,〔 as well as outside Africa; many African Americans and Afro Caribbeans are believed to be partially of Igbo descent. The most common name for the Igbo in English was formerly "Ibo".〔"Ibo" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th ed. 1911.〕 They have also been known as the "Iboe", "'Ebo", "Eboe", "Eboans", or "Heebo". Their territory and main settlement have often also been known by their name. 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Igbo people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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