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Illinois Confederation
The Illinois Confederation,〔''The Indian Tribes of North America'', by John R. Swanton. ''Bulletin'' (Smithsonian Institution; Bureau of American Ethnology), 145.〕 sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, were a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America. The tribes were the Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Moingwena, Michigamea, Chepoussa, Chinkoa, Coiracoentanon, Espeminkia, Maroa, and Tapouara.〔(The Illinois: Identity ), Illinois State Museum, 2000〕 At the time of European contact in the 17th century, they were believed to number over 10,000 people. The Illinois spoke various dialects of the Miami-Illinois language, one of the Algonquian languages family. They occupied a broad inverted triangle from modern-day Iowa to near the shores of Lake Michigan in modern Chicago south to modern Arkansas. By the mid-18th century, only five principal tribes remained—the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa.
==Name==
''Illinois'' is from a French rendering of ''ilinwe'' (pl. ''iliniwek''). ''Ilinwe'' is in turn an Odawa language rendering of ''irenweewa.'' (The Ottawa were a neighboring tribe, whom the French met first.) ''Irenweewa'' means he-who-speaks-the-common-way in the Illinois Confederation language but the confederation word for themselves was ''inoca'' or ''inoka'' (currently, of unknown meaning). Unlike the plural form ''iliniwek'', the term ''illini'' does not appear to have an historic linguistic connection.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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