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Ilmiye
The Ilmiye is one of four institutions that existed within the Ottoman ''Osmanli,'' or ruling class, the other three being the Imperial, or ''mülkiye'' institution, the military, or ''seyfiye'' institution, and the administrative, or ''kalemiye'' institution. The function of the Ilmiye was to propagate the Muslim religion, to ensure that Islamic law, or sharia law was enforced properly within the courts, as well as to ensure that it was interpreted and taught properly within the Ottoman school system. The development of the Ilmiye took place over the course of the Sixteenth century, absorbing the Ulama, the educated class of Muslim legal scholars, in the process.
==The Emergence of the Ilmiye==
Beginning in the sixteenth century, officials in the administrative, and financial institutions were training their own apprentices instead of hiring graduates of madrases. This led to the narrowing of the Ulama's responsibilities, which once ranged across all non-military government services. They now only dealt within the judicial and educational realms of the government. This led to the Ilmiye gradually becoming a hierarchical career line, and an end in itself.〔Abdurrahman Atcill (2009). The Route to the top in the Ottoman ilmiye hierarchy of the sixteenth century. pp 490〕 If a person was to graduate from a madras, and immediately take a position in the Ilmye, there was very little opportunity for them to change their career path.
By the early 17th century, the Ilmiye was fully established as an institution. Within the fully established Ilmiye, two distinct career paths developed: town judges, or ''kasabat kadis,'' and high dignitaries, or ''mollas.'' 〔Abdurrahman Atcill (2009). The Route to the top in the Ottoman ilmiye hierarchy of the sixteenth century. pp 490〕 Town judges were those who decided to serve in low-level districts, in turn forfeiting the opportunity to serve at the highest offices within the Ilmiye. The one big advantage to taking the path of a town judge, was that one would see immediate, and consistent pay right after completing one's studies at a Madrasa. If one was to take the path of a ''high dignitary'', one would begin one's career with a teaching job in a medrasa. This would mean a few years of lower pay, but would allow one to climb the ranks of the Ilmiye, eventually receiving a more lucrative, and higher-level position than a town judge would ever be able to. These higher-level positions were known as ''mevleviyets''.〔Abdurrahman Atcill (2009). The Route to the top in the Ottoman ilmiye hierarchy of the sixteenth century. pp 490〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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