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Imhotep (; also spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep; called ''Imuthes'' (Ἰμούθης) by the Greeks; fl. 27th century BC (c. 2650–2600 BC); Egyptian: (unicode:''ỉỉ-m-ḥtp'') (unicode:'' *jā-im-ḥātap'') meaning "the one who comes in peace, is with peace") was an Egyptian polymath who served under the Third Dynasty king Djoser as chancellor to the pharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. He is considered by some to be the earliest known architect and engineer and physician in history,〔William Osler, ''The Evolution of Modern Medicine'', Kessinger Publishing 2004, p.12〕 though two other physicians, Hesy-Ra and Merit-Ptah, lived around the same time. The full list of his titles is: : Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, and Maker of Vases in Chief. He was one of only a few commoners ever to be accorded divine status after death. The center of his cult was Memphis. From the First Intermediate Period onward Imhotep was also revered as a poet and philosopher. His sayings were famously referenced in poems: "I have heard the words of Imhotep and Hordedef with whose discourses men speak so much."〔Barry J. Kemp, ''Ancient Egypt'' Routledge 2005, p.159〕 The location of Imhotep's self-constructed tomb was well hidden from the beginning and it remains unknown, despite efforts to find it. The consensus is that it is hidden somewhere at Saqqara. Imhotep's historicity is confirmed by two contemporary inscriptions made during his lifetime on the base or pedestal of one of Djoser's statues (Cairo JE 49889) and also by a graffito on the enclosure wall surrounding Sekhemkhet's unfinished step-pyramid.〔Jaromir Malek 'The Old Kingdom' in ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' by Ian Shaw (ed.) Oxford University Press paperback 2002. p.92〕〔J. Kahl "Old Kingdom: Third Dynasty" in ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt'' by Donald Redford (ed.) Vol.2, p. 592〕 The latter inscription suggests that Imhotep outlived Djoser by a few years and went on to serve in the construction of King Sekhemkhet's pyramid, which was abandoned due to this ruler's brief reign.〔Shaw, op. cit., pp.92-93〕 ==Attribution of achievements and inventions== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imhotep」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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