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InDuna ''(plural: izinDuna)'' is a Zulu title meaning ''advisor'', ''great leader'', ''ambassador'', ''headman'', or ''commander'' of group of warriors. It can also mean ''spokesperson'' or ''mediator'' as the izinDuna often acted as a bridge between the people and the king.〔(African spirituality that shapes the concept of Ubuntu ), by M J S Masango, page 6〕 The title was reserved for senior officials appointed by the king or chief, and was awarded to individuals held in high esteem for their qualities of leadership, bravery or service to the community. 〔(Induna Award )〕 〔(About.Com )〕 The izinDuna would regularly gather for an indaba to discuss important issues. Amongst the Ndebele the term was also used to collectively refer to a group of elite soldiers operating under a specific inDuna. 〔See (Ndebele/Shona Rebel Armies of 1896 ) by Dennis Bishop for examples〕 The term has found widespread use in South African English and Afrikaans, and it is a common reference to ''boss'' or ''lead person''. 〔(Post-Colonial Workplace Regimes in the Engineering Industries of South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe ), by Andries Bezuidenhout〕 In modern times the terms ''Chairperson'' and ''inDuna'' are sometimes used interchangeably. 〔See (Social Assessment of the Amangwane Community Campsite Project ), by Priscilla Wendy Grimster Maud for examples.〕 ==Notable izinDuna in history== * Leander Starr Jameson, a British physician, was awarded the title of ''inDuna'' by the Matabele chief Lobengula after he had successfully treated the chief’s gout. * Mbopa was an ''inDuna'' serving under Shaka. He was one of the main conspirators in Shaka’s assassination by his half-brothers Dingane and Umhlangana. * Ndlela kaSompisi was a key general to Zulu Kings Shaka and Dingane, and also served as Dingane's ''inDuna'' - his chief advisor. Ndlela' repeatedly defied Dingane's request that he assassinate Mpande, half-brother of Shaka and Dingane. By this refusal he preserved the blood line of the Zulu monarchy, as all subsequent Zulu kings were from Mpande’s blood line. He was strangled to death for his insubordination. * Ntshingwayo kaMahole was the second in command (''inDuna'') of King Cetshwayo's Army. He was the commanding general who defeated the encamped British Army at the Battle of Isandlwana. * Nathaniel Isaacs, a British adventurer, was awarded the title ''inDuna Incoola'' (Principal Chief of Natal) by Shaka and was granted large tracts of land. * Tinos Rusere, nicknamed the "Rhodesian Induna", was an elected trade union representative of the Rhodesian miners in South Africa. In 1977 he became the trade union ''inDuna'' for all Southern African countries. * Joseph Leabua Jonathan worked as a ''mine inDuna'' (foreman) at Brakpan and eventually became the first Prime Minister of Lesotho. * The Sudwala Caves were named after the Swazi ''inDuna'' Sudwala. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「InDuna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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