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Inca Empire
The Inca Empire (Quechua: ''Tawantinsuyu'', "The Four Regions"〔), also known as the Incan Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century, and the last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.
From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including, besides Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and central Chile, and a small part of southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia. The official language of the empire was Quechua, although hundreds of local languages and dialects of Quechua were spoken. Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred ''Huacas'', but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of Inti—their sun god—and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama.〔(The Inca – All Empires )〕 The Incas considered their king, the Sapa Inca, to be the "son of the sun."〔("The Inca." ) ''The National Foreign Language Center at the University of Maryland.'' 29 May 2007. Retrieved 10 Sept 2013.〕
==Name==
The Inca referred to their empire as ''Tawantinsuyu'',〔McEwan 221〕 "the four ''suyo''". In Quechua, ''tawa'' is four and ''-ntin'' is a suffix naming a group, so that a ''tawantin'' is a quartet, a group of four things taken together. The empire was divided into four ''suyo'' ("regions" or "provinces"), whose corners met at the capital, Cusco (''Qosqo''). The four ''suyo'' were: Chinchay Suyo (North), Anti Suyo (East; the Amazon jungle), Colla Suyo (South) and Conti Suyo (West). The name ''Tawantinsuyu'' was, therefore, a descriptive term indicating a union of provinces. The Spanish transliterated the name as ''Tahuatinsuyo'' or ''Tahuatinsuyu''.
The term ''Inka'' means "ruler" or "lord" in Quechua and was used to refer to the ruling class or the ruling family in the empire. The Spanish adopted the term (transliterated as ''Inca'' in Spanish) as an ethnic term referring to all subjects of the empire rather than simply the ruling class. As such the name ''Imperio inca'' ("Inca Empire") referred to the nation that they encountered, and subsequently conquered.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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