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The anti-austerity movement in Spain, also referred to as the 15-M Movement (Spanish: ''Movimiento 15-M''), the Indignants Movement, and Take the Square #spanishrevolution, is a series of ongoing〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Majority of Spaniards support 15-M movement )〕 demonstrations in Spain whose origin can be traced to social networks such as Real Democracy NOW () or Youth Without a Future (), among other civilian digital platforms and 200 other small associations. The demonstrations began on 15 May 2011, with an initial call in 58 Spanish cities.〔¡Democracia Real Ya!; ''(Calls )''〕 The movement demands a radical change in Spanish politics, as demonstrators do not consider themselves to be represented by any traditional party nor favored by the measures approved by politicians. Spanish media has related the movement to the economic crisis, Stéphane Hessel's ''Time for Outrage!'',〔 the NEET-troubled generation and current demonstrations in the Middle East and North Africa, Iran, Greece, and Portugal, as well as the 2009 Icelandic demonstrations. The movement drew inspiration from 2011 revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt and uprisings in France in 1968, Greece in 2008, and South Korea in 1980 and 1987. The demonstrations occurred close to the local and regional elections, held on 22 May. Even though demonstrators form a heterogeneous and ambiguous group, they share a strong rejection of unemployment, welfare cuts, Spanish politicians, and the current two-party system in Spain between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and the People's Party. Their sentiments also encompass the rejection of the current political system, capitalism, banks and political corruption. Many call for basic rights, which consist of home, work, culture, health and education rights.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=La manifestación de 'indignados' reúne a varios miles de personas en toda España (''Outraged'' demonstration brings together several thousand people in Spain) )〕 According to statistics published by RTVE, the Spanish public broadcasting company, between 6.5 and 8 million Spaniards have participated in these events.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20110806/mas-seis-millones-espanoles-han-participado-movimiento-15m/452598.shtml )〕 ==Background== Since the ongoing economic crisis began, Spain has had one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe, reaching a eurozone record of 21.3%. The number of unemployed people in Spain stood at 4,910,200 at the end of March 2011, up about 214,000 from the previous quarter, while the youth unemployment rate stands at 43.5%, the highest in the European Union. In September 2010 the government approved a sweeping overhaul of the labour market designed to reduce unemployment and revive the economy. Main trade unions CCOO and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), and minor ones, rejected the plan because it made it easier and cheaper for employers to hire and fire workers. Trade unions called for a general strike, the first in a decade in Spain, on 29 September 2010. For the rest of the year, the government proceeded with economic reforms. In January 2011, the government reached an agreement with the main trade unions to increase the retirement age from 65 to 67. Still, anarcho-syndicalist and other unions rejected the plan and called for a strike on 27 January in Galicia, Catalonia and the Basque Country. Other demonstrations in Madrid ended up in clashes. The majority of Spaniards also rejected the higher retirement age. In February the so-called ''Sinde law'' passed, adding another motivation for the protests. The law allows an administrative commission to shut down any web page that shows links or allows irregular downloading of copyrighted content, without judicial supervision, even when the courts had repeatedly declared the legality of linking to these contents. Users on Spanish forums and social networks have criticized the law, which PSOE, PP and Convergence and Union approved. An anonymous campaign, #nolesvotes, appeared online, calling on citizens to vote against any of the parties that passed the law. Prior to 15 May, other demonstrations served as precursors of the protests. These demonstrations include the 7 April demonstration in Madrid by the student group Youth without Future (), which gathered 5,000 people. Spanish media have linked the demonstrations to the 2008–2009 protests against the Bologna Process. The Portuguese "Geração à Rasca" movement was also an inspiration.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-austerity movement in Spain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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