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The Code de l'indigénat ((:kɔd də lɛ̃diʒena), ''Code of the indiginate'') was a set of laws creating, in practice, an inferior legal status for natives of French Colonies from 1887 until 1944–1947.〔The ''Code d'Indigénat'' was promulgated by the French government on 28 June 1881, and officially applied to all colonies during 1887. It was officially abolished during 1946, but parts of it remained in force until independence during the early 1960s. The ''senatus consulte'' of 14 July 1865 implemented many of the elements of the future Code d'Indigénat in Algeria, and prior to 1887, other colonial subjects lived under similar conditions.〕 Implemented first in Algeria, it was applied across the French Colonial Empire during 1887–1889. ==Theoretical basis== French colonial policy is often contrasted with the British concept of Indirect rule pioneered by Frederick Lugard of the British East Africa Company in Uganda and later the Royal Niger Company in what is now Nigeria. Lugard devised a method of colonial administration which relied upon maintenance of pre-colonial chiefs and other political institutions, who were in turn subject to the authority of British representatives. The French government, in contrast, published much about the assimilation of colonial subjects, with the final goal of creating in their colonies integral parts of France, filled with African, Arab, or Asian ''Frenchmen''. This combined with a Jacobin tradition of centralizing government, has given weight to the argument that French colonial rule stood in stark contrast to other models. But only small areas of France's colonial possessions were ever afforded full rights as overseas departments of the French state. Between 1865 and 1962, only 7,000〔(Le Code de l’indigénat dans l’Algérie coloniale Temoignages December, 2005 ): summary of quotations from academic sources〕 Algerians became French citizens, this in a global empire which, during 1939, counted some 69 million subjects. The Code de l'indigénat has been at the topic of revised historical thinking about French colonial policy.〔Crowder, Michael: Indirect Rule: French and British Style Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jul., 1964)〕 The indigénat is an example of ''Association'': French colonial indirect rule. It enabled an entire legal system by which the vast majority of colonial subjects were governed from the creation of the French Empire until the reforms of the post World War II period. These laws provided for their enforcement by a system of administrative "cercles": appointed indigenous authorities, religious courts, and native police carrying out the orders of often distant French administrators. The abolition of the indigénat, with its tax burdens, forced labor, and often arbitrary exercise of authority was a primary demand of the opposition to French colonialism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indigénat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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