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''Indriya'' (literally "belonging to or agreeable to Indra") is the Sanskrit and Pali term for physical strength or ability in general, and for the senses more specifically. In Buddhism, the term refers to multiple intrapsychic processes and is generally translated as "faculty" or, in specific contexts, as "spiritual faculty" or "controlling principle."〔Bodhi (2000) translates ''indriya'' as "spiritual faculty" and, at times (particularly when referring to Abhidhammic sources), "faculty." Buddhaghosa & Ñāṇamoli (1999) consistently translate ''indriya'' simply as "faculty" both in the context of the five spiritual faculties (e.g., pp. 128-9) and the 22 phenomenological faculties (Ch. XVI). Conze (1993) mentions and uses translations of "faculty," "controlling faculty" and "spiritual faculty," and refers to the five ''indriya'' as "cardinal virtues." Thanissaro (1998) uses "faculty." Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 122-123, (entry for "Indriya," (retrieved 2007-05-27) ) defines it as: "Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics, meaning 'controlling principle, directive force, élan, dynamis'...: (a) with reference to sense-perceptibility 'faculty, function'...."〕 The term literally means "belonging to Indra," chief deity in the Rig Veda and lord of the Trāyastriṃśa heaven (also known as Śakra or Sakka in Buddhism) hence connoting supremacy, dominance and control, attested in the general meaning of "power, strength" from the ''Rig Veda''.〔Bodhi (2000), p. 1509〕〔Conze (1993), ''n''. 1〕〔Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 122, entry "indriya"〕〔Thanissaro (1998), Part II, sec. E, "The Five Faculties."〕 In Buddhism, depending on the context, ''indriya'' traditionally refers to one of the following groups of faculties: * the 5 spiritual faculties * the 5 or 6 sensory faculties * the 22 phenomenological faculties == 5 spiritual faculties == In the Pali Canon's Sutta Pitaka, ''indriya'' is frequently encountered in the context of the "five spiritual faculties" (Pali: '): :# faith or conviction or belief (') :# energy or persistence or perseverance (''viriya'') :# mindfulness or memory (''sati'') :# concentration or focus (') :# wisdom or understanding or comprehension ('). Together, this set of five faculties is one of the seven sets of qualities lauded by the Buddha as conducive to Enlightenment.〔While the Pali commentaries consistently use the term ''bodhipakkhiyā dhammā'' ("states conducive to enlightenment") to refer to ''seven sets'' of enlightenment qualities (i.e., the four frames of reference, four right exertions, four bases of power, five faculties, five powers, seven bojjhanga, and Noble Eightfold Path) (see, e.g., Bodhi, 2000, p. 1937, ''n''. 235), a search of the Sinhala SLTP tipitaka (using La Trobe University's search engine at http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/pali.htm) finds the Pali phrase ''bodhipakkhiyā dhammā'' occurring only once in the early suttas: in the ''Sālā Sutta'' (SN 48.51) where the term references solely these five spiritual faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration and wisdom (Bodhi, 2000, p. 1695).〕 SN 48.10 is one of several discourses that characterizes these spiritual faculties in the following manner: : * Faith/conviction is faith in the Buddha's awakening.〔Alternatively, SN 48.8 and AN V.15 identify "faith" as referring to the four-fold faith of the stream-enterer which Conze (1993), ''n''. 28, and Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), p. 297, ''n''. 9, identify as faith in the Triple Gem and "perfect morality."〕 : * Energy/persistence refers to exertion towards the Four Right Efforts. : * Mindfulness refers to focusing on the four satipatthana. : * Concentration refers to achieving the four jhanas. : * Wisdom/understanding refers to discerning the Four Noble Truths.〔Bodhi (2000), pp. 1671-73; and, Thanissaro (1997a).〕 In SN 48.51, the Buddha declares that, of these five faculties, wisdom is the "chief" (''agga'').〔Bodhi (2000), p. 1695.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indriya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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