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Inwa
Inwa or Ava (, or (:ʔəwa̰ mjo̰); also spelled Innwa), located in Mandalay Region, Burma (Myanmar), is an ancient imperial capital of successive Burmese kingdoms from the 14th to 19th centuries. Throughout history, it was sacked and rebuilt numerous times. The capital city was finally abandoned after it was completely destroyed by a series of major earthquakes in March 1839. Though only a few traces of its former grandeur remain today, the former capital is a popular day-trip tourist destination from Mandalay.
==Etymology==
The name Inwa () literally means "mouth of the Lake", reflecting its geographical location at the mouth of lakes in the Kyaukse District. Another theory states that it is derived from ''Innawa'' (), meaning "nine lakes" in the area.〔Khin Khin Aye 2007: 60〕 The city's classical name in Pali is ''Ratanapura'' (; "City of Gems").
The modern standard Burmese pronunciation is ''Inwa'' (), following the modern orthography. But the local Upper Burmese pronunciation is ''Awa'' ((:ʔəwa̰)). Indeed, the spelling of the city in the royal records, all written prior to the modern Burmese spelling standardization drives, is (Awa), the phonetic spelling of the Upper Burmese usage.〔See ''Hmannan Yazawin'', for example.〕 The most common Western transcription Ava comes from ''Awa'' via Portuguese.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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