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Interlingua (; ISO 639 language codes ''ia'', ''ina'') is an international auxiliary language (IAL), developed between 1937 and 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). It ranks among the top most widely used IALs (along with Esperanto and Ido), and is the most widely used naturalistic IAL: in other words, its vocabulary, grammar and other characteristics are derived from natural languages. Interlingua was developed to combine a simple, mostly regular grammar〔See Gopsill, F. P. ''Interlingua: A course for beginners.'' Part 1. Sheffield, England: British Interlingua Society, 1987. Gopsill, here and elsewhere, characterizes Interlingua as having a simple grammar and no irregularities.〕〔The Interlingua Grammar suggests that Interlingua has a small number of irregularities. See Gode (1955).〕 with a vocabulary common to the widest possible range of languages,〔Gode, Alexander, "Introduction", (''Interlingua-English: A dictionary of the international language'' ), Revised Edition, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 1971.〕 making it unusually easy to learn, at least for those whose native languages were sources of Interlingua's vocabulary and grammar.〔Breinstrup, Thomas, Preface, (''Interlingua course for beginners'' ), Bilthoven, Netherlands: Union Mundial pro Interlingua, 2006.〕 Conversely, it is used as a rapid introduction to many natural languages.〔 Interlingua literature maintains that (written) Interlingua is comprehensible to the hundreds of millions of people who speak a Romance language,〔Yeager, Leland B., "Le linguistica como reclamo pro Interlingua" (Linguistics as an advertisement for Interlingua), ''Interlinguistica e Interlingua: Discursos public'', Beekbergen, Netherlands: Servicio de Libros UMI, 1991.〕 though it is actively spoken by only a few hundred.〔 The name Interlingua comes from the Latin words ''inter'', meaning between, and ''lingua'', meaning tongue or language. These morphemes are identical in Interlingua. Thus, Interlingua would be "between language", or ''intermediary language''. == Rationale == The expansive movements of science, technology, trade, diplomacy, and the arts, combined with the historical dominance of the Greek and Latin languages have resulted in a large common vocabulary among European languages. With Interlingua, an objective procedure is used to extract and standardize the most widespread word or words for a concept found in a set of ''control languages'': English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, with German and Russian as secondary references. Words from any language are eligible for inclusion, so long as their internationality is shown by their presence in these control languages. Hence, Interlingua includes such diverse word forms as Japanese ''geisha'' and ''samurai'', Arabic ''califa'', Guugu Yimithirr ''gangurru'' (Interlingua: kanguru), and Finnish ''sauna''.〔 Interlingua combines this pre-existing vocabulary with a minimal grammar based on the control languages. People with a good knowledge of a Romance language, or a smattering of a Romance language plus a good knowledge of the ''international scientific vocabulary'' can frequently understand it immediately on reading or hearing it. Educated speakers of English also enjoy this easy comprehension.〔See for example Sexton, Brian C., "Interlingua at first hearing," ''Lingua e Vita'', 1995, Issue 83.〕 The immediate comprehension of Interlingua, in turn, makes it unusually easy to learn. Speakers of other languages can also learn to speak and write Interlingua in a short time, thanks to its simple grammar and regular word formation using a small number of roots and affixes.〔Morris, Alice Vanderbilt, ''(General Report )'', New York: International Auxiliary Language Association, 1945.〕 Once learned, Interlingua can be used to learn other related languages quickly and easily, and in some studies, even to understand them immediately. Research with Swedish students has shown that, after learning Interlingua, they can translate elementary texts from Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. In one 1974 study, an Interlingua class translated a Spanish text that students who had taken 150 hours of Spanish found too difficult to understand.〔 Gopsill has suggested that Interlingua's freedom from irregularities allowed the students to grasp the mechanisms of language quickly.〔〔 Words in Interlingua retain their original form from the source language; they are altered as little as possible to fit Interlingua's phonotactics. Each word retains its original spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. For this reason, Interlingua is frequently termed a ''naturalistic'' IAL. When compared to natural languages, Interlingua most resembles Spanish. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Interlingua」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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