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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC, or ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). The international headquarters of IUPAC is in Zürich, Switzerland. The administrative office, known as the "IUPAC Secretariat", is in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States. This administrative office is headed by the IUPAC executive director, currently Lynn Soby.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= IUPAC contacts )〕 IUPAC was established in 1919 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members, the National Adhering Organizations, can be national chemistry societies, national academies of sciences, or other bodies representing chemists. There are fifty-four National Adhering Organizations and three Associate National Adhering Organizations.〔 IUPAC's Inter-divisional Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols (IUPAC nomenclature) is the recognized world authority in developing standards for the naming of the chemical elements and compounds. Since its creation, IUPAC has been run by many different committees with different responsibilities.〔(IUPAC Committees list ) retrieved 15 April 2010〕 These committees run different projects which include standardizing nomenclature,〔(Interdivisional Committee on Terminology web page ) retrieved 15 April 2010〕 finding ways to bring chemistry to the world,〔(Chemdrawn ) retrieved 15 April 2010〕 and publishing works.〔(Pure and Applied Chemistry Editorial Advisory Board web page ) retrieved 15 April 2010〕〔(Evaluation Committee page ) retrieved 15 April 2010〕 IUPAC is best known for its works standardizing nomenclature in chemistry and other fields of science, but IUPAC has publications in many fields including chemistry, biology and physics. Some important work IUPAC has done in these fields includes standardizing nucleotide base sequence code names; publishing books for environmental scientists, chemists, and physicists; and leading the way in improving education in science.〔〔(IYC: Introduction. ) 9 July 2009. Retrieved on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010〕 IUPAC is also known for standardizing the atomic weights of the elements through one of its oldest standing committees, the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. ==Creation and history== The need for an international standard for chemistry was first addressed in 1860 by a committee headed by German scientist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz. This committee was the first international conference to create an international naming system for organic compounds.〔 The ideas that were formulated in that conference evolved into the official IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.〔 The IUPAC stands as a legacy of this meeting, making it one of the most important historical international collaborations of chemistry societies.〔 Since this time, IUPAC has been the official organization held with the responsibility of updating and maintaining official organic nomenclature. IUPAC as such was established in 1919.〔(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: About ). IUPAC. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.〕 One notable country excluded from this early IUPAC was Germany. Germany's exclusion was a result of prejudice towards Germans by the allied powers after World War I. Germany was finally admitted into IUPAC during 1929. However, Nazi Germany was removed from IUPAC during World War II. During World War II, IUPAC was affiliated with the Allied powers, but had little involvement during the war effort itself. After the war, West Germany was allowed back into IUPAC.〔 Since World War II, IUPAC has been focused on standardizing nomenclature and methods in science without interruption. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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