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In engineering, interoperation is the setup of ad hoc components and methods to make two or more systems work together as a combined system with some partial functionality during a certain time, possibly requiring human supervision to perform necessary adjustments and corrections. This contrasts to interoperability, which theoretically permits any number of systems compliant to a given standard to work together a long time smoothly and unattended as a combined system with the full functionality by the standard. Another definition of interoperation: "services effectively combining multiple resources and domains...; requires interoperability".〔(Glossary ) Gio Wiederhold, "Glossary"; in Intelligent Integration of Information, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston MA, July 1996, pages 193--203; reprinted from the Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, Vol.6 Nos.2/3, June 1996, pages 281-291.〕 ==Usage== Interoperation is usually performed when the systems having to be combined were designed before standardization (for example legacy systems), or when standard compliance is too expensive, too difficult, or immature. Interoperation may use following mechanisms, components and methods: * Connectors * Adapters * Converters * Simulators * Bridges〔http://www.edges-grid.eu/web/edges/57 3G bridge between Service Grids and Desktop Grids〕 In the area of data processing,〔http://forge.gridforum.org/sf/sfmain/do/viewProject/projects.gin OGF Grid Interoperation Now - Community Group〕 interoperation may also use following components and methods: * Handlers * Plug-ins * Translators 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Interoperation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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